Damage resistance and compressive properties of bulk maize kernels at varying pressing factors: Experiments and modeling

Su, Yuan; Cui, Tao; Zhang, Dongxing; Xia, Guoyi; Gao, Xiaowei; He, Xin; Yang, Xu

doi:10.1111/jfpe.13267

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…One of these systems should be installed inside every bin To reduce the drop height and speed of falling of the grains when leaving the conveyors or in unloading or loading the grains storage bins, stepping falling systems (ladder) should be used [20,21]. Impact damage to seeds has been the subject of much research due to reduced crop quality during harvesting, handling and processing [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Various drop tests studied were implemented with the seeds of some agricultural products such as chickpeas [17], corn [21,[29][30][31], soybean [19,30] and wheat [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage on damage to corn during handling: physiological deterioration

Shahbazi

2022

Plant Methods

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Background Corn seeds have a high susceptibility to mechanical damage due to their large size and mass. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage in minimizing the negative influence of the free fall on the storage potential of corn seeds. Corn seeds were evaluated for the extent of physiological damage by measuring the seed deterioration by the accelerated aging test (percentage loss in germination in the accelerated aging test), using three drop methods (free fall, with cushion box, and with closed let-down ladder) at three drop heights (5, 10, and 15 m) and five different moisture contents (10, 15, 20 and 25%). Results The drop methods had a significant effect on the storage potential of corn seeds. Sample seeds dropped without a ladder (free fall) had a significantly higher average physiological quality loss of 13.87% (loss in accelerated aging germination). In the use of the cushion box, the average percentage loss in germination was calculated to be 11.38%, which was decreased by about 18% more than the free fall. Sample seeds dropped with the closed let-down ladder had a lower average percentage loss in the germination of 8.78%, which showed that the closed let-down ladder significantly helped to reduce mechanical damage to corn seeds by about 37% comparing free fall and by about 23% to the use of the cushion box. The amounts of loss in physiological quality of corn seeds increased significantly with increasing drop height and moisture content, but the use of the cushion box and closed let-down ladder systems somewhat reduced the adverse effect of the above factors. Empirical models were developed for the dependency of physiological damage to corn seeds due to the impact caused by free fall, on the drop height and moisture content at different drop methods. Conclusions To minimize mechanical damage to seeds as they fall into the bin, a let-down ladder should be installed in the bin so that it can receive seeds from the filling spout with minimum damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage on damage to corn during handling: physiological deterioration

Shahbazi

2022

Plant Methods

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“…Maize kernel crushing resistance is a key determinant of the threshing quality as it can affect the required capability for keeping the integrity of kernels. Various testing methodologies for predicting the crushing resistance of maize kernels have been presented, the methodologies include the compression method [ 5 , 6 ], drop method [ 7 ], pendulum method [ 8 ] and breakage susceptibility method [ 9 , 10 ]. Besides, several researchers have sought to establish correlations between various morphological [ 11 ], chemical [ 12 , 13 ], mechanical properties [ 14 , 15 ], genetic [ 16 ], or environmental [ 17 ] factors of maize kernels and breakage susceptibility (e.g., measurements of density, hardness, protein content, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HANDY: a device for assessing resistance to mechanical crushing of maize kernel

Yang

Cui

et al. 2021

Plant Methods

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Background How to control the physical damage during maize kernel harvesting is a major problem for both mechanical designers and plant breeders. A limitation of addressing this problem is lacking a reliable method for assessing the relation between kernel damage susceptibility and threshing quality. The design, construction, and testing of a portable tool called “HANDY”, which can assess the resistance to mechanical crushing in maize kernel. HANDY can impact the kernel with a special accelerator at a given rotating speed and then cause measurable damage to the kernel. These factors are varied to determine the ideal parameters for operating the HANDY. Results Breakage index (BI, target index of HANDY), decreased as the moisture content of kernel increased or the rotating speed decreased within the tested range. Furthermore, the HANDY exhibited a greater sensitivity in testing kernels at higher moisture level influence on the susceptibility of damage kernel than that in Breakage Susceptibility tests, particularly when the centrifugation speed is about 1800 r/min and the centrifugal disc type is curved. Considering that the mechanical properties of kernels vary greatly as the moisture content changes, a subsection linear (average goodness of fit is 0.9) to predict the threshing quality is built by piecewise function analysis, which is divided by kernel moisture. Specifically, threshing quality is regarded as a function of the measured result of the HANDY. Five maize cultivars are identified with higher damage resistance among 21 tested candidate varieties. Conclusions The HANDY provides a quantitative assessment of the mechanical crushing resistance of maize kernel. The BI is demonstrated to be a more robust index than breakage susceptibility (BS) when evaluating threshing quality in harvesting in terms of both reliability and accuracy. This study also offers a new perspective for evaluating the mechanical crushing resistance of grains and provides technical support for breeding and screening maize varieties that are suitable for mechanical harvesting.

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“…Frost is formed on the surface of corn ears, and kernel gaps are filled with frosts. Frozen corn kernels are often damaged by low temperatures [1], which reduces corn quality and causes mildew [2]. The threshing loss rate is improved with a higher kernel splash speed, as the collision coefficient restitution of frozen kernels is increased [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Optimization of Process Parameters of Longitudinal Axial Threshing Cylinder for Frozen Corn Using RSM and NSGA-II

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Corn was frozen at harvest time in high-latitude areas, when corn kernel is wetter and more easily broken. When frozen corn was threshed and separated by the longitudinal axial threshing cylinder of a combine harvester, it caused a significantly high kernel damage rate and loss rate. The process parameters of threshing cylinder were optimized using RSM (response surface method) and NSGA-II (Non-Dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-II). The drum speed (Ds), feed rate (Fr) and concave clearance (Cc) were determined as the optimized process parameters. The loss rate (Lr) and damage rate (Dr) were indicators of operational performance. The RSM was used to establish a mathematical model between process parameters and indicators. With an elite strategy, NSGA-II was used for multi-objective optimization to obtain the optimal operational performance of the threshing cylinder. Overall, when the drum speed was selected as 384.1 rpm, the feed rate as 8.6 kg/s and the concave clearance as 40.5 mm, according to the requirement of corn harvest, the best operational performance of the longitudinal axial threshing cylinder on frozen corn was obtained. The Lr was 1.98% and the Dr was 3.49%. This result indicated that the applicability of the optimal process parameters and the optimization method of combining NSGA-II and RSM was effective for determining the optimal process parameters. This will provide an optimization method for synchronously reducing the loss rate and damage rate of grain harvesters.

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Damage resistance and compressive properties of bulk maize kernels at varying pressing factors: Experiments and modeling

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage on damage to corn during handling: physiological deterioration

Effects of cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage on damage to corn during handling: physiological deterioration

HANDY: a device for assessing resistance to mechanical crushing of maize kernel

Multi-Objective Optimization of Process Parameters of Longitudinal Axial Threshing Cylinder for Frozen Corn Using RSM and NSGA-II

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