Damage Detection and Analysis of Urban Bridges Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Ground-Based Microwave Interferometry, and Permanent Scatterer Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR)

Abstract

This paper presents a practical framework for urban bridge damage detection and analysis by using three key techniques: terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), ground-based microwave interferometry, and permanent scatterer interferometry synthetic aperture radar (PS-InSAR). The proposed framework was tested on the Beishatan Bridge in Beijing, China. Firstly, a Digital Surface Model (DSM) of the lower surface of the bridge was constructed based on the point cloud generated by using TLS to obtain the potential damage area. Secondly, the dynamic time-series displacement of the potential damage area was acquired by ground-based microwave interferometry, and the Extreme-Point Symmetric Mode Decomposition (ESMD) method was applied to detect damages by the use of signal decomposition and instantaneous frequency calculation. Lastly, the PS-InSAR technique was applied to obtain the surface deformation around Beishatan Bridge by using COSMO-SkyMed images with a ground resolution of 3 m × 3 m, and finally, we analyzed the causes of bridge damage. The experimental results showed that the proposed framework can effectively obtain the potential damage area of the bridge by the DSM from the point cloud by TLS and further judge whether the bridge was damaged by the ESMD method, based on the time-series displacement data. The results also showed that the subway shield construction may be the reason for damage to Beishatan Bridge.

Land Subsidence and Uplift Surveying by Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry in Lianjiang Plain

“…(6)(7)(8) After decades of technical development and engineering applications, it has been proved that InSAR technology has a wide coverage, short measurement time, and high accuracy and can overcome the traditional measurement deficiencies resulting from the weather, topography, and human factors. (9)(10)(11) In this study, 14 RADARSAT-2 images taken from December 2018 to November 2019 were used to survey the land deformation of the Lianjiang Plain in Guangdong Province based on the time series InSAR analysis method. The results show that there are two obvious ground rebound zones with areas of 56 and 13 km 2 , and the maximum annual rebound rate exceeded 10 mm/a.…”

Long-Term Deflection Monitoring for Bridges Using X and C-Band Time-Series SAR Interferometry

“…In addition to the long-term deflection and thermal dilation, the ground subsidence and scouring effect could be sources of the displacement [37,38]. According to [39], the consolidation of the soft layer where the piers are located extensively affects ground subsidence and leads to the subsidence of the bridge as well.…”

Time-Series Analysis on Persistent Scatter-Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) Derived Displacements of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) from Sentinel-1A Observations

“…Apart from the reliable but labour-intensive way of visual inspection, advanced on-site and remote monitoring techniques have been proposed for this application [1]. On-site surveys involve the usage of infrared thermography and spectroscopy [2], laser scanning [3], ground-penetrating radar [4], GPS receivers [5], etc. These sensors or instruments can be set up on bridges; however, the point-wise measurements have a low spatial sampling rate when not enough sensors are employed.…”

“…These sensors or instruments can be set up on bridges; however, the point-wise measurements have a low spatial sampling rate when not enough sensors are employed. Remote monitoring techniques include ground-based radars [3,6], airborne cameras/lidar [7] and spaceborne synthetic aperture radars (SARs) [8]. The ground-based radar is expensive, and it is often hard to configure at a fixed location to collect continuous observations.…”