Damage Assessment in Concrete Using Quantitative Acoustic Emission

Ouyang, C.; Landis, Eric N.; Shah, Surendra P.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1991)117:11(2681)

Cited by 103 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Figure 6.9 also shows a qualitative comparison of the cumulative dissipated energy vs. age obtained from simulations which is compared with the acoustic emission (AE) measurements performed for the ring tests experiments . AE is an important tool to describe microcracking of brittle materials (Landis & Baillon, 2002;Lockner, 1993;Maji, Ouyang, & Shah, 2011;Ohnaka, 1983;Ouyang, Landis, & Shah, 1992). It has been used to describe the evolution of microcracking of quasi-brittle materials like concrete providing good information about the age at which microcracking starts and how it evolves over time .…”

Section: Stress and Strain Behavior Of Restrained Mortar At Early Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Removing Obstacles for Pavement Cost Reduction by Examining Early Age Opening Requirements: Material Properties

Antico¹,

Esmaeeli²,

Varga³

et al. 2015

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JOINT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAMThe Joint Transportation Research Program serves as a vehicle for INDOT collaboration with higher education institutions and industry in Indiana to facilitate innovation that results in continuous improvement in the planning, design, construction, operation, management and economic efficiency of the Indiana transportation infrastructure. https://engineering.purdue.edu/JTRP/index_html Published reports of the Joint Transportation Research Program are available at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jtrp/ NOTICEThe contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views and policies of the Indiana Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. The report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. COPYRIGHT AbstractThe risk of cracking in a concrete pavement that is opened to traffic at early ages is related to the maximum tensile stress, I , that develops in the pavement and its relationship to the measured, age dependent, flexural strength of a beam, r f . The stress that develops in the pavement is due to several factors including traffic loading and restrained volume change caused by thermal or hygral variations. The stress that develops is also dependent on the time-dependent mechanical properties, pavement thickness, and subgrade stiffness. There is a strong incentive to open many pavements to traffic as early as possible to allow construction traffic or traffic from the traveling public to use the pavement. However, if the pavement is opened to traffic too early, cracking may occur that may compromise the service life of the pavement. The purpose of this report is two-fold: 1) to examine the current opening strength requirements for concrete pavements (typically a flexural strength from beams, r f ) and 2) to propose a criterion based on the timedependent changes of r I f  which accounts for pavement thickness and subgrade stiffness without adding unnecessary risk for premature cracking. An Accelerated Pavement Testing, APT, facility was used to test concrete pavements that are opened to traffic at an early age to provide data that can be compared with an analytical model to determine the effective r I f  based on the relevant features of the concrete pavement, the subgrade, and the traffic load. It is anticipated that this type of opening criteria can help the decision makers in two ways: 1) it can open pavement sections earlier thereby reducing construction time and 2) it may help to minimize the use of materials with overly accelerated strength gain that are suspected to be more susceptible to develop damage at early ages than materials that gain strength more slowly. Key Wordsaccelerated pavement testing, concrete pavement, cracking, early age concrete, opening criteria Distribution StatementNo restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Se...

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Section: Stress and Strain Behavior Of Restrained Mortar At Early Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Removing Obstacles for Pavement Cost Reduction by Examining Early Age Opening Requirements: Material Properties

Antico¹,

Esmaeeli²,

Varga³

et al. 2015

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“…These stress waves cover a wide range of inaudible and audible frequencies and are known as acoustic waves. Passive acoustic emission (AE) describes a technique that captures and monitors the digitized acoustic waves at the surface of the material using piezoelectric sensors (Ouyang et al 1991;Ohtsu et al 1991Ohtsu et al , 1998Ohtsu 1999). In this work, passive AE was used to continuously monitor damage formation during the freeze-thaw cycles.…”

Section: Acoustic Emission Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide variety of linear methods based on ultrasonic or acoustic measurements have been proposed and used previously (e.g., Landis and Baillon 2002;Ohtsu 1999;Ouyang et al 1991;Ohtsu et al 1998;Li et al 2012). These methods are based on the linear elastic assumption and the exploitation of phenomena such as the change in wave velocity, attenuation, and amplitude to evaluate the damage (e.g., Antonaci et al 2013;Bentahar et al 2006;Selleck et al 1998;Punurai et al 2007;Avanesians and Momayez 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Consequences of Material Nonlinearity on the Axisymmetric Flexural Vibration Measurements for Estimating the Dynamic Elastic Modulus of Damaged Cement Based Materials

Rashetnia

Ghasemzadeh²,

Pour-Ghaz

2016

ACT

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Elastic modulus measurements are often required to evaluate the structural performance or to estimate the damage in cement-based materials. The axisymmetric flexural vibration (AFV) of a thick circular disk is a test method that can be used to estimate the dynamic elastic modulus of cement-based materials. Cement-based materials are inherently nonlinear materials and their nonlinearity increases with damage. The main objectives of this paper are to investigate the consequences of material nonlinearity on the AFV measurements, and to understand the implications of the change of material nonlinearity with damage on these measurements. In this work, experimental measurements are performed on mortar specimens damaged by freeze-thaw. Acoustic emission is used as a benchmark method to monitor and quantify the damage.

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“…In passive acoustic measurement, these waves are measured at the material surface and recorded. It should be noted that all acoustic events are not the same and waveform analysis can be used to differentiate between different stages of cracking such as micro-cracking, coalescence, and discrete cracking in the materials (Ohtsu et al 1991;Ouyang et al 1991;Ohtsu et al 1998;Ohtsu 1999;Hossain et al 2003;Kim and Weiss 2003;Puri and Weiss 2003;. Previous research has shown that micro-cracking progresses gradually with a series of low energy release events before a visible crack occurs in the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Methods to Detect and Quantify Damage in Restrained Concrete Ring Specimens

Pour-Ghaz

Poursaee

Spragg

et al. 2011

ACT

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This paper describes the use of three experimental methods to detect shrinkage cracking in restrained ring specimens. These methods include monitoring the strain at the inner surface of the restraining steel ring, using passive acoustic emission, and measuring the electrical resistance of conductive materials that are applied to the surface of the mortar. The methods for detecting cracking are compared and their advantages and limitations are discussed. Both plain and steel fiber reinforced (2% steel fiber by volume) mortar were evaluated in this study. The time of through cracking detected by the three methods corresponds to the time of visible cracking. In the mixtures containing fibers the time of through cracking is delayed significantly when compared to the plain systems. The delay in the age of through cracking can be explained by the role of fibers in arresting the cracks as they develop and their role in transferring stress across the crack width that keeps the cracks from opening. The passive acoustic emission data indicates substantial damage development before a through crack forms. The time of through cracking can be detected using conductive surfaces with a sudden increase in resistance of these conductive elements. Cracking can be detected using conductive coatings when the crack is 0.02 mm or larger. Specimens with different degrees of restraint show through cracking at approximately the same stress level; however, the age at which cracking occurs decreases as the degree of restraint increases. This can be attributed to the increased micro-cracking (i.e., damage and precritical crack growth) as confirmed with acoustic emission data.

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Damage Assessment in Concrete Using Quantitative Acoustic Emission

Cited by 103 publications

References 13 publications

Removing Obstacles for Pavement Cost Reduction by Examining Early Age Opening Requirements: Material Properties

Removing Obstacles for Pavement Cost Reduction by Examining Early Age Opening Requirements: Material Properties

The Consequences of Material Nonlinearity on the Axisymmetric Flexural Vibration Measurements for Estimating the Dynamic Elastic Modulus of Damaged Cement Based Materials

Experimental Methods to Detect and Quantify Damage in Restrained Concrete Ring Specimens

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