“DAK”, a traditional decoction in Palau, as adjuvant for patients with insufficient control of diabetes mellitus type II

Genkwanin glycosides from the Phaleria nisidai extract improve glucose homeostasis by stimulating insulin-independent glucose uptake.

“…Food intake measurements showed that there was no food aversion due to PNe supplementation (Figure S1C). In accordance with the reported human data (Kitalong et al, 2017), we did not observe a difference in weight gain or body composition between the two groups (Figures 1B-D), however, PNe-fed mice were more insulin sensitive after 5 weeks of DI (Figures 1E-F).…”

“…An initial analysis of the phytochemical composition of PNe using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with corona-charged aerosol detection (UHPLC-CAD) and high-resolution massspectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) identified the xanthone mangiferin (MG) as the main constituent present in PNe (Figures S4A). The MG level measured in PNe was of 14.5 ± 0.4% (n=4), which is consistent with earlier chemical profiles of PN (Kitalong et al, 2017). Furthermore, Apontes et al, have previously described in detail the anti-hyperglycemic activity of MG (Apontes et al, 2014).…”

“…A retrospective-treatment outcome study highlighted a putative effect of the Phaleria nisidai Kaneh. (Thymelaeaceae) leaf decoction on glycaemia (Graz et al, 2015) and a subsequent randomized, double-blind crossover trial confirmed this decoction as an adjuvant to stabilize diabetic patients with insufficient glycemic control (Kitalong et al, 2017). Here, we report that the Phaleria nisidai leaf extract (PNe) compensates insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice by elevating insulinindependent glucose uptake into adipose depots via GLUT1.…”

“…Based on previous findings, which have reported an antidiabetic effect for PN (Kitalong et al, 2017), we first aimed to reproduce the beneficial effects of PN on glucose control using a diet induced obese (DIO) mouse model paired with a dietary intervention (DI) (Figures S1A-B). To closely adapt the traditional PN preparation in Palau and preserve its chemical composition, a leaf decoction was prepared and freeze-dried to generate the PN extract (PNe).…”

The management of diabetes mellitus by mangiferin: advances and prospects

“…Table 3 summarizes the clinical application of MGF in randomized controlled trials of diabetes and its risk factors. In T2DM patients, even with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and poor glycemic control, the use of MGF or MGFcontaining compound preparation could improve blood glucose, body weight, and lipids of the patients, and also reduce the level of free fatty acids and improve insulin sensitivity, [56][57][58] improve antioxidant indexes, and reduce inflammatory response. 59 In addition, it could enhance pancreatic β-cell function and even change the structure of the intestinal flora.…”