Daily sap flow and maximum daily trunk shrinkage measurements for diagnosing water stress in early maturing peach trees during the post-harvest period

Conejero, Wenceslao; Alarcón, J.J.; García-Orellana, Y.; Abrisqueta, J. M.; Torrecillas, A.

doi:10.1093/treephys/27.1.81

Cited by 60 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The pattern of stem diameter variation in response to the replenishment of water storage has been previously observed for poplars under controlled conditions (Giovannelli et al ., ) and for other species (e.g. Zweifel et al ., , ; Conejero et al ., ; Kocher et al ., ). At our site, the highest shrinking and swelling were observed for the genotype with the highest F s (Oudenberg), showing that this genotype used an important fraction of its stem water storage to meet its transpiration demand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water use of a multigenotype poplar short‐rotation coppice from tree to stand scale

et al. 2016

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Short‐rotation coppice (SRC) has great potential for supplying biomass‐based heat and energy, but little is known about SRC's ecological footprint, particularly its impact on the water cycle. To this end, we quantified the water use of a commercial scale poplar (Populus) SRC plantation in East Flanders (Belgium) at tree and stand level, focusing primarily on the transpiration component. First, we used the AquaCrop model and eddy covariance flux data to analyse the different components of the stand‐level water balance for one entire growing season. Transpiration represented 59% of evapotranspiration (ET) at stand scale over the whole year. Measured ET and modelled ET were lower as compared to the ET of reference grassland, suggesting that the SRC only used a limited amount of water. Secondly, we compared leaf area scaled and sapwood area scaled sap flow (F s) measurements on individual plants vs. stand scale eddy covariance flux data during a 39‐day intensive field campaign in late summer 2011. Daily stem diameter variation (∆D) was monitored simultaneously with F s to understand water use strategies for three poplar genotypes. Canopy transpiration based on sapwood area or leaf area scaling was 43.5 and 50.3 mm, respectively, and accounted for 74%, respectively, 86%, of total ecosystem ET measured during the intensive field campaign. Besides differences in growth, the significant intergenotypic differences in daily ∆D (due to stem shrinkage and swelling) suggested different water use strategies among the three genotypes which were confirmed by the sap flow measurements. Future studies on the prediction of SRC water use, or efforts to enhance the biomass yield of SRC genotypes, should consider intergenotypic differences in transpiration water losses at tree level as well as the SRC water balance at stand level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water use of a multigenotype poplar short‐rotation coppice from tree to stand scale

et al. 2016

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“…3), which can explain why most of the individuals studied on the south-facing slope presented a higher Q md values than those on the northfacing slope (Table 3). In this sense, previous works have shown, by means of simple equations or multiplicative models, that sap flow is affected by meteorological variables such as T a , R g , PAR, rainfall and other computed variables like VPD (Badalotti et al 2000;Infante et al 2003;Moro et al 2004;Wang et al 2006;Conejero et al 2007;Poyatos et al 2007;Yue et al 2008;Pfautsch et al 2010), even at night (Fisher et al 2007). In fact, some authors have demonstrated that south-oriented branches present higher sap flow rates than north-oriented branches because of higher exposure to radiation (Steinberg et al 1990).…”

Section: Meteorological Variables and Sap Flowmentioning

confidence: 97%

Daily sap flow rate as an indicator of drought avoidance mechanisms in five Mediterranean perennial species in semi-arid southeastern Spain

Chirino

Bellot

Sánchez

2011

Trees

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Daily sap flow rate was determined in five Mediterranean species (Pinus halepensis, Quercus coccifera, Pistacia lentiscus, Erica multiflora, and Stipa tenacissima) under two slope aspects (north-and south-facing) in a semi-arid area (Alicante, SE Spain). Sap flow velocity was measured in January, May, August and October of two consecutive years (1998 and 1999) using the stem heat balance (SHB) method. Our results have demonstrated the effects of global radiation (R g ), vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on the sap flow velocity per unit of leaf area. Mean daily sap flow rates (Q md ) showed values between 0.001 and 0.202 g H 2 O cm -2 leaf area day -1 . Q md values were higher on the south-facing slope than on the north-facing slope. In most species, the Q md was higher in 1998 than in 1999 due to the higher soil water content, temperature and VPD in 1998. In all five species, a decrease in predawn leaf water potential was accompanied by a decrease in mean daily sap flow rates; nevertheless, the responses of the five species to water deficit conditions were different. In this context, we have linked the drought avoidance mechanisms of the different species through the combined use of daily sap flow rate and predawn leaf water potential under different water deficit conditions. We conclude that Pinus halepensis, Pistacia lentiscus and Erica multiflora show water-savers mechanisms to cope with drought, while Quercus coccifera and Stipa tenacissima show waterspenders mechanisms.

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“…On small timescales (hourly to daily), incremental stem growth (and shrinkage) is measured using precision dendrometers that contain linear-variable-displacement transducers (Zweifel et al, 2005;Drew et al, 2008;Drew and Downes, 2009). Changes in maximum daily trunk shrinkage arising from reduced water availability occur earlier and stronger than changes in stomatal conductance, stem water potential or transpiration (Ortuno et al, 2006;Conejero et al, 2007Conejero et al, , 2011Galindo et al, 2013). Nonetheless, rates of sap flow declined with maximum daily stem shrinkage, both of which responded exponentially to changes in depth-to-groundwater (Ma et al, 2013).…”

Section: Effects Of Groundwater On Growth and Dendrochronological Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: recent insights from satellite and field-based studies

Eamus

Zolfaghar

Villalobos‐Vega

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

121

112

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Abstract. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are at risk globally due to unsustainable levels of groundwater extraction, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this review, we examine recent developments in the ecohydrology of GDEs with a focus on three knowledge gaps: (1) how do we locate GDEs, (2) how much water is transpired from shallow aquifers by GDEs and (3) what are the responses of GDEs to excessive groundwater extraction? The answers to these questions will determine water allocations that are required to sustain functioning of GDEs and to guide regulations on groundwater extraction to avoid negative impacts on GDEs.We discuss three methods for identifying GDEs: (1) techniques relying on remotely sensed information; (2) fluctuations in depth-to-groundwater that are associated with diurnal variations in transpiration; and (3) stable isotope analysis of water sources in the transpiration stream.We then discuss several methods for estimating rates of GW use, including direct measurement using sapflux or eddy covariance technologies, estimation of a climate wetness index within a Budyko framework, spatial distribution of evapotranspiration (ET) using remote sensing, groundwater modelling and stable isotopes. Remote sensing methods often rely on direct measurements to calibrate the relationship between vegetation indices and ET. ET from GDEs is also determined using hydrologic models of varying complexity, from the White method to fully coupled, variable saturation models. Combinations of methods are typically employed to obtain clearer insight into the components of groundwater discharge in GDEs, such as the proportional importance of transpiration versus evaporation (e.g. using stable isotopes) or from groundwater versus rainwater sources.Groundwater extraction can have severe consequences for the structure and function of GDEs. In the most extreme cases, phreatophytes experience crown dieback and death following groundwater drawdown. We provide a brief review of two case studies of the impacts of GW extraction and then provide an ecosystem-scale, multiple trait, integrated metric of the impact of differences in groundwater depth on the structure and function of eucalypt forests growing along a natural gradient in depth-to-groundwater. We conclude with a discussion of a depth-to-groundwater threshold in this mesic GDE. Beyond this threshold, significant changes occur in ecosystem structure and function.

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Daily sap flow and maximum daily trunk shrinkage measurements for diagnosing water stress in early maturing peach trees during the post-harvest period

Cited by 60 publications

References 29 publications

Water use of a multigenotype poplar short‐rotation coppice from tree to stand scale

Water use of a multigenotype poplar short‐rotation coppice from tree to stand scale

Daily sap flow rate as an indicator of drought avoidance mechanisms in five Mediterranean perennial species in semi-arid southeastern Spain

Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: recent insights from satellite and field-based studies

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