Daily rumination about stress, sleep, and diurnal cortisol activity

Sladek, Michael R.; Doane, Leah D.; Breitenstein, Reagan S.

doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1601617

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…It is possible the associations we observed are mediated by negative affect, cognitive arousal, and sympathetic nervous system activity. Studies have shown that days with higher stress are associated with increases in negative emotions and rumination, as well as dysregulated cortisol patterns the next day (Sladek et al, 2020). Higher stress is also associated with less nocturnal blood pressure dipping (Holt-Lunstad et al, 2009;Smart Richman et al, 2010) and higher nocturnal heart rate (Paul et al, 2019), which may indicate elevated nighttime arousal and increase risk for nightmares.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physiologically, daily stress activates the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, which release the stress hormones cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine (Irwin, 2015;Wright et al, 2015). These hormones in turn can lead to hyperarousal that may increase the likelihood of subsequent stress and sleep disturbances, including nightmares (Sladek et al, 2020). Nightmares may serve as a stressor itself for individuals, resulting in fear of sleep and exacerbating next-day stress and anxiety (Pillai et al, 2014;Roberts et al, 2009;Van Laethem et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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What goes around comes around: Nightmares and daily stress are bidirectionally associated in nurses

et al. 2021

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Nurses may experience frequent nightmares due to stressful work environments.Nightmares may also exacerbate stress among nurses, although this has yet to be tested empirically. We examined daily bidirectional associations between stress severity and nightmares, and moderation by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. 392 nurses (92% female; 78% White) completed 14 days of sleep diaries to assess previous-day stress severity and nightmare occurrence and severity. PTSD symptoms were assessed at baseline. Multilevel models were used to examine bidirectional, within-person associations between daily stress and nightmares, and cross-level moderation by baseline PTSD symptoms. 47.2% of nurses reported at least one nightmare across the two weeks. Days with greater stress were associated with higher odds of experiencing a nightmare (OR = 1.22, p = 0.001), as well as greater nightmare severity (b = 0.09, p = 0.033). Nightmare occurrence was associated with greater next-day stress severity (b = 0.15, p < 0.001). Daily stress and nightmare associations were similar for those with and without PTSD symptoms.Nightmares and stress may occur in a bidirectional fashion. Nurses face intense occupational demands and frequent exposure to potentially traumatic events.Studies should explore whether targeting nightmares and stress may improve nurses' health and well-being.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

What goes around comes around: Nightmares and daily stress are bidirectionally associated in nurses

et al. 2021

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“…With age, cortisol release in response to stressors is not as robust ( Gupta and Morley, 2014 ). Rumination is associated with increased cortisol release ( Sladek et al, 2020 ); the decreased cortisol release in older individuals as a result of age and decreased rumination tendencies may contribute to greater resilience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of change: Resilience traits in Women’s Dermatological Society Forum participants by generation

Ludwig

Geisler

Fernandez

et al. 2020

International Journal of Women's Dermatology

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Background Physician burnout is a common problem that can have negative ramifications for both physicians and patients. Lack of effective coping mechanisms decreases resilience, which can lead to burnout, and women may be particularly vulnerable. Objective We aimed to evaluate resilience by generation among professionals in dermatology. We hope to gain a better understanding of the plasticity of resilience traits to identify modifiable resilience components. Methods Attendees of the 2020 Women’s Dermatological Society Forum were asked to complete an 80-item questionnaire evaluating eight characteristics of resilience. Each participant received scores electronically, and attendees were invited to anonymously submit scores, job category (physician or industry), and birth year and/or generation category. Participants who provided scores and were part of the millennial generation (born 1980–1994; ages 26–40 years at the time of survey completion), Generation X (born 1965–1979; ages 41–55 years), or baby boomer generation (born 1944–1964; ages 56–76 years) were included. Results Of the 67 participants meeting the inclusion criteria, 96.7% were women and 3.3% were men, 69.4% were physicians and 30.6% were industry representatives. Millennials accounted for 43.3%, Generation X for 35.8%, and baby boomers for 20.9% of the study participants. There was a significant difference among the three generations for mean scores on rumination ( p = .0071) and flexibility ( p = .0005), with scores becoming more ideal for older generations. There was no significant difference among generations for other resilience or burnout indicators, including emotional inhibition, toxic achieving, avoidance coping, perfect control, detached coping, and sensitivity. Conclusion Resilience traits such as rumination and flexibility differed by generation, with the most favorable scores occurring in the oldest cohort, suggesting that some resilience traits may be malleable and improve with age or be inherently affected by environment during development. Health care professionals may benefit from engaging in activities that enhance malleable resilience traits and improve the ability to manage work-related stressors.

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“…To our knowledge, no observational or intervention studies have investigated relationships between daily physical activity and exercise and daily cognitive processes, such as rumination and perceived control. However, in light of previous studies demonstrating that rumination and perceived control are associated with changes in affect, health, and sleep (Moberly & Watkins, 2008;Puterman et al, 2010;Sladek et al, 2020;Verkuil et al, 2012) on a daily basis, and studies linking physical activity to positive (Mata et al, 2012;Wichers et al, 2012) and negative (Bernstein et al, 2019;Puterman et al, 2017) affect, it is plausible that physical activity may also be related to reduced daily rumination and increased daily perceptions of control. In the current study, we investigate whether an aerobic exercise intervention trial can lead to changes in daily positive affect, negative affect, rumination, and perceived control over the course of the 24-week trial in caregivers randomized to exercise compared to waitlist control participants.…”

Section: Physical Activity and Daily Psychological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the emerging literature examining the prospective effects of daily affective states on long-term health and wellbeing, the majority of studies that have investigated the role of daily cognitive processes in health and wellbeing have focused on daily fluctuations in these outcomes. Elevations within individuals' daily perseverative cognitions, such as rumination or worry, from one day to another have been shown to predict poorer daily negative affect (Moberly & Watkins, 2008;Puterman et al, 2010), health complaints (Verkuil et al, 2012), and nightly sleep disturbances (Sladek et al, 2020). Although daily perseverative cognitions, such as rumination or worry, might predict worsening daily mood or health problems, reporting a greater sense of control during the day predicts lower negative affect (Diehl & Hay, 2010).…”

Section: Daily Psychological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Daily Psychological Processes in Family Caregivers: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 24-week aerobic exercise training program on daily psychological processes and occurrence of stressors in a group of previously physically underactive family caregivers of patients with dementia. As part of the Fitness, Aging, and STress (FAST) randomized controlled trial, 68 participants (F = 55; M = 13) were randomized to either a staff-supported, 24-week aerobic training (N = 34) program or waitlist control (N = 34) group. Approximately 2 weeks prior to randomization, ecological momentary assessments were completed 6 times per day for 7 days and again in the 24th week of the trial to assess exposure to levels of momentary positive affect, negative affect, rumination, control, and the occurrence of stressors throughout the day. These secondary analyses with data from 56 of the participants revealed that the intervention group showed a significantly larger increase in daily positive affect and perceptions of control compared to control participants over the course of the intervention. A treatment effect was also found for negative affect and rumination, whereby both decreased to a greater extent in the intervention group when compared with participants in the control condition. The 24-week aerobic training program had significant impacts on daily psychological processes in family caregivers, deepening our understanding of the robust effects of exercise on mental health.

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Daily rumination about stress, sleep, and diurnal cortisol activity

Cited by 37 publications

References 60 publications

What goes around comes around: Nightmares and daily stress are bidirectionally associated in nurses

What goes around comes around: Nightmares and daily stress are bidirectionally associated in nurses

The challenge of change: Resilience traits in Women’s Dermatological Society Forum participants by generation

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Daily Psychological Processes in Family Caregivers: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial

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