2011
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00711.2010
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Daily ethanol exposure during late ovine pregnancy: physiological effects in the mother and fetus in the apparent absence of overt fetal cerebral dysmorphology

Abstract: High levels of ethanol (EtOH) consumption during pregnancy adversely affect fetal development; however, the effects of lower levels of exposure are less clear. Our objectives were to assess the effects of daily EtOH exposure (3.8 USA standard drinks) on fetal-maternal physiological variables and the fetal brain, particularly white matter. Pregnant ewes received daily intravenous infusions of EtOH (0.75 g/kg maternal body wt over 1 h, 8 fetuses) or saline (8 fetuses) from 95 to 133 days of gestational age (DGA;… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(44 citation statements)
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“…The neuronal death caused by the micro-hemorrhages was associated with a reactive astrocytic response around the area of the lesion. This finding is similar to that of Kenna et al, (2011) who detected areas of reactive gliosis around subarachnoid hemorrhages in brains of third trimester ethanol exposed fetal sheep. (Goodlett et al, 1993) also described focal areas of high intensity GFAP immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of P10 rats that were exposed to ethanol via artificial rearing between P4 and P9 (blood ethanol levels approximately 0.3 g/dl).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
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“…The neuronal death caused by the micro-hemorrhages was associated with a reactive astrocytic response around the area of the lesion. This finding is similar to that of Kenna et al, (2011) who detected areas of reactive gliosis around subarachnoid hemorrhages in brains of third trimester ethanol exposed fetal sheep. (Goodlett et al, 1993) also described focal areas of high intensity GFAP immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of P10 rats that were exposed to ethanol via artificial rearing between P4 and P9 (blood ethanol levels approximately 0.3 g/dl).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Binge exposure of ewes to relatively high levels of ethanol during the equivalent to the second trimester of human pregnancy blunted the responsiveness of the fetal cerebral vasculature to hypoxia later in pregnancy (Mayock et al, 2007). Similarly, exposure of ewes to high (but not low) doses of ethanol in a binge-like manner during the last trimester of pregnancy induced fetal tachycardia, hypotension, acidemia, and hypercapnia, as well as increased blood flow in the cerebellum, an effect that was associated with loss of Purkinje neurons (Cudd et al, 2001, Parnell et al, 2007, Kenna et al, 2011). Kenna et al, (2011) reported the presence of small subarachnoid hemorrhages in the forebrain and cerebellum in approximately 40% of fetal sheep exposed to lower levels of ethanol during late pregnancy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Ultrasound imaging studies have shown that binge-like alcohol exposure (3 g/kg body weight) in a murine second trimester equivalent model did not alter fetal HR (Bake et al 2012). Kenna and colleagues also reported that prenatal alcohol exposure (0.75 g/kg body weight) during the third trimester-equivalent period (from GD 95 to 133) in sheep did not affect fetal HR (Kenna et al 2011). These reports support our findings that repeated maternal alcohol exposure had no significant effect on fetal HR.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…In this study, pregnant ewes received one-hour daily ethanol infusion during the third-trimester-equivalent that produced maximal maternal and fetal plasma ethanol concentrations (PEC) of 0.11–0.12 g/dL, which approximated blood ethanol concentration measured in non-pregnant women drinking socially (equivalent to a 55–70 kg woman consuming 3–4 standard drinks over one hour) [16]. This maternal ethanol exposure regimen did not result in overt fetal dysmorphology, but ethanol-induced changes were found in several fetal organs examined, including the heart [17], kidney [18], lung [19], brain and placenta [20]. As meconium was collected from these fetuses, our objective was to determine whether meconium FAEE concentration is a biomarker of repeated fetal exposure to this ethanol regimen in the third-trimester-equivalent of ovine pregnancy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 91%