Daily dietary fluoride intake in rural villages of the Ethiopian Rift Valley

Dessalegne, Meseret; Zewge, Feleke

doi:10.1080/02772248.2013.827685

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Very few studies-e.g., Ruiz-Payan et al (2005) (covering water sources < 5.7 mg/L in Mexico), Wang et al (2012) (< 11 mg/L, mostly below 7 mg/L in China), and Wondwossen et al (2004) (including low (0.3-2.2 mg/L) and high F − (10-14 mg/L) concentrations of F − in the Ethiopian Rift Valley)-have considered the development of DF across a wide range of F − exposures in a specific geographic region. There are also challenges related to confounding by other sources of exposure: for example, existing studies from the MER have shown that food ingredients and food or beverages prepared with high F − water contribute significantly to total F − intake (Malde et al, 1997(Malde et al, , 2003(Malde et al, , 2004(Malde et al, , 2011Dessalegne and Zewege, 2013). Based on the available research evidence, the U.S. EPA established a MCLG (Maximum-Contaminant-Level Goal) threshold of 4 mg/L to protect from adverse health effects (crippling skeletal fluorosis) and a SMCL (Secondary-Maximum-Contaminant-Level) threshold of 2mg/L of F − to protect from adverse cosmetic effects (moderate and/or severe DF) (U.S. NRC, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride exposure from groundwater as reflected by urinary fluoride and children's dental fluorosis in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley

Rango

Vengosh

Jeuland

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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This cross-sectional study explores the relationships between children's F(-) exposure from drinking groundwater and urinary F(-) concentrations, combined with dental fluorosis (DF) in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) Valley. We examined the DF prevalence and severity among 491 children (10 to 15 years old) who are life-long residents of 33 rural communities in which groundwater concentrations of F(-) cover a wide range. A subset of 156 children was selected for urinary F(-) measurements. Our results showed that the mean F(-) concentrations in groundwater were 8.5 ± 4.1 mg/L (range: 1.1-18 mg/L), while those in urine were 12.1±7.3 mg/L (range: 1.1-39.8 mg/L). The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe DF in children's teeth was 17%, 29%, and 45%, respectively, and the majority (90%; n=140) of the children had urinary F(-) concentrations above 3 mg/L. Below this level most of the teeth showed mild forms of DF. The exposure-response relationship between F(-) and DF was positive and non-linear, with DF severity tending to level off above a F(-) threshold of ~6 mg/L, most likely due to the fact that at ~6 mg/L the enamel is damaged as much as it can be clinically observed in most children. We also observed differential prevalence (and severity) of DF and urinary concentration, across children exposed to similar F(-) concentrations in water, which highlights the importance of individual-specific factors in addition to the F(-) levels in drinking water. Finally, we investigated urinary F(-) in children from communities where defluoridation remediation was taking place. The lower F(-) concentration measured in urine of this population demonstrates the capacity of the urinary F(-) method as an effective monitoring and evaluation tool for assessing the outcome of successful F(-) mitigation strategy in relatively short time (months) in areas affected with severe fluorosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride exposure from groundwater as reflected by urinary fluoride and children's dental fluorosis in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley

Rango

Vengosh

Jeuland

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…As illustrated in Figure 7, the consumption of tea can significantly contribute to the daily intake of fluoride; the AI for fluoride can be easily exceeded with consumption of higher quantities (≈1 l) of low quality tea. The presented intakes can be however also extremely higher in fluoride endemic areas 13,14 or in southern China, where brick tea-type fluorosis has even become an urgent public health problem. 252,253…”

Section: Fluoride Intake In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Combustion of the coal and fuel and controlled fluoridation of drinking-water supplies also contribute to the fluoride dispersion. 13,14 Use of organofluorine compounds serving as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, refrigerants, pesticides, surfactants, fire extinguishing agents, fibers, membranes, ozone depletors, and insulating materials is in increase. Over 20% of approved pharmaceutical agents including several of the top drugs and 30-40% of commercially available agrochemicals are organofluorine compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride in Human Health and Nutrition

Štepec

Ponikvar‐Svet

2019

ACSi

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Fluorine is in the form of fluorides ubiquitous in nature and as such an inevitable part of our environment. In small amounts, it is known to have beneficial effects on dental health. On the other hand, excessive chronic intakes can result in adverse effects including the development of dental fluorosis in children and/or skeletal fluorosis in both children and adults. The adequate intake has been set, based on empirical observations, at 0.05 mg/day/kg body weight however, the threshold between beneficial and harmful effects is narrow. Despite numerous studies, knowledge on the fluoride toxicity is still relatively poor. In this review, the role and the effects of fluoride on human health are enlightened. Some of the fluoride controversies are discussed and future research directions suggested.

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“…Long-term use of high fluoride drinking water is known to cause both dental and skeletal fluorosis observed in populations residing in the Rift valley (2,13,14). Several studies in African countries, including Tanzania, Sudan, Nigeria and Kenya have found a high prevalence of dental fluorosis among populations that consume drinking water with high fluoride content (4,13,15). High fluoride concentration in ground water resulted high prevalence of dental fluorosis in the Ethiopian Rift Valley (7,11,12) which have lifelong health impacts ranged from loss of teeth to debilitating pain (7,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Concentration in Ground Water and Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Enyew

Beyene

Abebe

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background High fluoride concentrations in ground water is a serious health, social and economic problem in developing countries. The Ethiopian Rift Valley is associated with high fluoride levels in ground water where deep wells are the major source of drinking water supply. Many epidemiological studies on fluoride concentration and its adverse effects have been carried out. However, the result is scattered in different studies which needs systematically summarized for utilization.Objective The aim of this research is to estimate the pooled level of fluoride concentration in ground water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian rift valley.Methods MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane library and Google scholar databases were systematically searched for studies reporting the mean concentration of fluoride in ground water and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift valley. We identified search terms by extracting key terms from reviews and selected relevant papers and review medical subject headings for relevant and appropriate terms.Results The mean concentration of fluoride in ground water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis were pooled from eleven and nine primary studies conducted in Ethiopian Rift Valley respectively. The pooled mean concentration of fluoride in ground water therefore was 6.03 mg/l (95% CI; 4.72–7.72, p < 0.001) and the pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis among residents in Ethiopian rift valley was 32% (95% CI: 25, 39%, p<0.001), 29% (95% CI: 22, 36%, p<0.001) and 24% (95% CI: 17, 32%, p<0.001 for mild, moderate and sever fluorosis respectively. The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis is 28% (95% CI: 24, 32%, p<0.001).Conclusions The mean concentration of fluoride in ground water in Ethiopian rift valley is nearly four times greater than the WHO guideline (1.5mg/l). Relatively high-level pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis was also seen in Ethiopian rift valley. Therefore, further studies covering the temperature, exposure time and other intake path ways including diet with large sample size is recommended. Interventional projects should conduct to decrease the concentration of fluoride in the ground drinking water source.

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Daily dietary fluoride intake in rural villages of the Ethiopian Rift Valley

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Fluoride exposure from groundwater as reflected by urinary fluoride and children's dental fluorosis in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley

Fluoride exposure from groundwater as reflected by urinary fluoride and children's dental fluorosis in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley

Fluoride in Human Health and Nutrition

Fluoride Concentration in Ground Water and Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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