Daily course of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in marine macroalgae investigated in the laboratory and field

Hanelt, Dieter; Huppertz, K.; Nultsch, Wilhelm

doi:10.3354/meps097031

Cited by 161 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is supported by the changes in the violaxanthin/zeaxanthin ratios at midday in both the field and laboratory and by changes due to xanthophyll cycling previously observed in this alga (Gevaert et al 2002). This type of photoinhibition is characterized by a quick recovery, and is in agreement with other studies on brown macrophytes (Hanelt et al 1993, Hanelt 1998. The L. saccharina in our laboratory study exposed to UV-B irradiances in addition to PAR and UV-A displayed components of both dynamic and chronic photoinhibition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…These studies have largely been short-term studies on UV-R effects on photosynthesis, specifically photoinhibition, based on active fluorescence or oxygen-flux measurements (Brouwer et al 2000, Karsten et al 2001. Other studies have differentiated between chronic and dynamic photoinhibition in macrophytes (Hanelt et al 1993, Franklin & Forster 1997, Hanelt 1998, while long-term studies on the effects of UV-R on macrophyte growth have also been documented (Michler et al 2002). Fewer studies on the effects of UV-R have been conducted on temperate populations of macrophytes (Wood 1987, Dring et al 1996b, Gevaert et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of ultraviolet radiation on Laminaria saccharina in relation to depth and tidal height in the Gulf of Maine

Apprill¹,

Lesser²

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The effects of solar radiation, both visible and ultraviolet (UV-R, 290 to 400 nm), on the kelp Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour were examined in relation to depth distribution and tidal height in the Gulf of Maine. Despite the high attenuation of visible and UV-R, shallow subtidal L. saccharina exhibited significant decreases in midday measurements of steady-state quantum yields of Photosystem II (PSII) fluorescence compared to deeper conspecifics. Decreases in PSII quantum yields under low-tide conditions at midday were more pronounced and associated with higher coefficients of non-photochemical quenching than yields of the same algae measured at midday under high-tide conditions. Steady-state quantum yields in shallow algal populations had not recovered by early morning of the following day. Laboratory experiments were conducted to partition out the effects of high visible radiation versus UV-R effects on steady-state quantum yields observed in the field. Algae exposed to solar visible PAR (photosynthetically active radiation; 400 to 700 nm), PAR + UV-A (ultraviolet-A radiation; 320 to 400 nm), and PAR + UV-A + UV-B (ultraviolet-B radiation; 290 to 320 nm) treatments exhibited daily midday depressions in steady-state quantum yields, similar to those observed in field samples at low tide. The PAR + UV-A + UV-B treatment showed a significantly greater depression in PSII quantum yields than field samples at low tide, and took longer to recover at night. Algae exposed to the UV-R component of the spectrum also showed a significant decrease in gross primary production and contained less areal chlorophyll a than field samples, while nonphotochemical quenching (a measurement of the dissipation of excess excitation energy) was significantly higher during midday exposures to UV-B. Significantly greater concentrations of the UV-Babsorbing compound mycosporine-glycine, a mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA), were present in the shallow field and experimental PAR + UV-A + UV-B-treated algae. Our results suggest that exposure to midday visible irradiances resulted in dynamic photoinhibition, while exposure to visible and UV-R irradiance in the Gulf of Maine results in both dynamic and chronic photoinhibition that causes a decrease in gross primary production of L. saccharina in shallow waters or under low-tide conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ultraviolet radiation on Laminaria saccharina in relation to depth and tidal height in the Gulf of Maine

Apprill¹,

Lesser²

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The second, chronic photoinhibition is associated with much more severe damage to PSII, recovers extremely slowly, and is interpreted as photon damage. Although dynamic photoinhibition occurs widely in phytoplankton , macroalgae (Hanelt et al 1993;Franklin et al 1996), and corals (Brown et al 1999;Hoegh-Guldberg and Jones 1999;Ralph et al 1999; this study), signs of chronic photodamage have previously been observed only in corals exposed to elevated temperatures (Jones et al 1998;Warner et al 1999) or intertidal corals under solar bleaching (Brown et al 2000). Our data on a number of shallow corals clearly suggest that the daily exposure to full sunlight leads to chronic photoinhibition, even at moderate temperatures (24-29ЊC).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Photosynthesis and photoprotection in symbiotic corals

Gorbunov

Kolber

Lesser

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

267

245

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In zooxanthellate corals, excess excitation energy can be dissipated as heat (nonphotochemical quenching), thereby providing protection against oxidative damage by supraoptimal light in shallow reefs. To identify and quantify the photoprotective mechanisms, we studied the diel variability of chlorophyll fluorescence yields and photosynthetic parameters in situ in corals, using moored and SCUBA-based fast-repetition-rate fluorometers. The results reveal that nonphotochemical quenching is triggered prior to saturation of photosynthetic electron transport by downregulation of the reaction centers of Photosystem II (PSII). This process dissipates up to 80% of the excitation energy. On a sunny day in shallow waters, the daily integrated flux of photons absorbed, and subsequently dissipated as heat, is ϳ4 times that used for photosynthesis. Fluorescence quenching is further accompanied by a slight reduction in the functional absorption cross section for PSII that results from thermal dissipation of excitation energy in the light-harvesting antennae. These two processes are highly dynamic and adjust to irradiance changes on timescales consistent with the passage of clouds across the sky. Under supraoptimal irradiance, however, up to 30% of PSII reaction centers become photoinhibited, and these are repaired only after several hours of low irradiance. In shallow corals, between 10% and 20% of the reactions centers are chronically photoinhibited and appear to remain permanently nonfunctional throughout the year. Our results establish, for the first time, the suite of biophysical mechanisms that optimize photosynthesis while simultaneously providing photoprotection in symbiotic corals in situ.In zooxanthellate corals, light is essential for growth of the organisms, yet the light environment of the algal symbionts is dictated primarily by where the animal host lives (Falkowski et al. 1990). Although there is considerable genetic variability within the algal symbionts (Rowan 1998), clonal cultures of the symbiotic dinoflagellates are not readily distinguishable on the basis of their photosynthetic attributes (Chang et al. 1983;Iglesias-Prieto and Trench 1994; Kinzie and Falkowski unpubl. data). Thus, to first order, photosynthetic performance does not appear to be a critical determinant of phenotypic selection. Since the irradiance regimes experienced by zooxanthellate associations are 1 Corresponding author (falko@imcs.rutgers.edu). AcknowledgmentsThis research was supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of CoBOP (Coastal Benthic Optical Properties) under grants 97PR00617-00, N0001496F0013, and N000149910004. We thank Zvy Dubinsky, Charlie Mazel, and Uwe Kils for suggestions on instrument design; Eli Perel, Schwalb Norbert, Kevin Wyman, Steve Boose, Denis Klimov, Val Myrnyi, and Peter Nawrot for technical assistance; Judith Grassle, Oscar Schofield, Richard Geider, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript; Emmeline Romana for clerical help; and the staff of Caribbean Marine Research Cent...

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“…So in an ecological perspective, photoinhibition of aquatic macrophyte communities in their natural habitat should not be very important. It is, however, possible that the upper phytoelements in the canopy can be inhibited (e.g., Huppertz et al 1990;Hanelt et al 1993), whereas the unused photosynthetic potential of the lower layers of phytoelements compensates for this inhibition such that the overall community production continues to rise up to the highest incident irradiances. Bleaching of the upper leaves in tropical seagrass canopies exposed to high temperatures in shallow lagoons under the burning sun shows that photodamage must occasionally be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community photosynthesis of aquatic macrophytes

Binzer

Sand‐Jensen

Middelboe

2006

Limnology & Oceanography

105

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We compared 190 photosynthesis-irradiance (P-E) experiments with single-and multispecies communities of macroalgae and vascular plants from freshwater and marine habitats. We found a typical hyperbolic P-E relation in all communities and no sign of photosaturation or photoinhibition of photosynthesis at the highest irradiances of about 2,000 mmol m 22 s 21 . Macrophyte communities displayed much higher maximum gross production (GP max ), respiration, and light compensation point than separate phytoelements because of the multilayered structure and extensive self-shading in the communities, whereas light use efficiency at low irradiance (a) was the same. Although GP max and a varied extensively among the 190 communities, their upper limits increased linearly and predictably with community absorption reaching 26.3 mmol m 22 s 21 O 2 and 0.090 mol mol 21 photon at 100% absorption. The upper limit of a is close to a realistic limit of O 2 of 0.10 mol mol 21 photon. The upper limit of GP max , however, is markedly below the theoretically attainable 180 mol m 22 s 21 O 2 , reflecting a suboptimal three-dimensional structure and light distribution. Indirect measures supported this explanation as GP max increased fourfold from communities with a very uneven to a more even light distribution. Photosynthetic characteristics of communities are strongly influenced by plant density, absorption, and distribution of light and cannot be interpreted from the photosynthetic behavior of phytoelements. Thus, many examples of carbon and nutrient limitation in experiments with separate phytoelements may not withstand at the relevant ecological scale of communities where light almost always constrains photosynthetic production.

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Daily course of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in marine macroalgae investigated in the laboratory and field

Cited by 161 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of ultraviolet radiation on Laminaria saccharina in relation to depth and tidal height in the Gulf of Maine

Effects of ultraviolet radiation on Laminaria saccharina in relation to depth and tidal height in the Gulf of Maine

Photosynthesis and photoprotection in symbiotic corals

Community photosynthesis of aquatic macrophytes

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