DAC-Free Ultralow-Power Dual-Polarization 64-QAM Transmission at 32 GBd With Hybrid InP IQ SEMZM and BiCMOS Drivers Module

Lopez, I. Garcia; Aimone, Alessandro; Alreesh, Saleem; Rito, Pedro; Brast, Tino; Hohns, Volker; Fiol, G.; Gruner, Marko; Fischer, Johannes; Honecker, J.; Steffan, Andreas G.; Kissinger, Dietmar; Ulusoy, Ahmet Çağrı; Schell, Martin

doi:10.1109/jlt.2016.2616124

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To recap, our 50-50 design proposed here for DD PAM4, based a 50-50 fixed splitter (or combiner) optimizing the tunable combiner (or splitter respectively), to 1 3 : 2 3 power splitting ratio, and setting null relative phase between the two intensity-gated paths, is just slightly suboptimal (<~3% maximin-distance degradation) relative to our optimal preferred design.…”

Section: Fixed 50-50 Dd Pam4 Mpmzm Generatormentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The integer S denotes the number of 1-bit gates used in the oDAC PIC structure. Examples: S = 3 for an MPMZM with three parallel paths each comprising a 1-bit driven MZM (used to generate a PAM8 constellation, C = 8), i.e., (D, C, S) = (1, 8, 3); S = 7 for a SEMZM with seven segments (also used to generate a PAM8 constellation), i.e., (D,C,S) = (1,8,7). We shall always assume dyadic-sized oDAC constellations (dyadic meaning integer-power-of-two): C = 2 B = 4, 8, 16, .…”

Section: Generic Odacs: Classification Parameterization Coding 1-bit Gatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum of the min-distance function over k evidently occurs at the right-end of the (0,1) interval, k = 1, thus the optimal solution is indeed the one we suggested in (49). Compared with the "perfect" power constellation, P DD PAM4 perfect = {0, 1 3 , 2 3 , 1}, having min-distance 1 3 , the ratio of minimal distances yields the constellation Normalized Figure of Merit (NFOM):…”

Section: Pam4 Dd Semzm Dyadic Design Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is at this point that the maximal min distance is attained. Having obtained the optimizer parameterÛ 50-50 = 1 3 , the 50-50 design and its performance (its maximin distance) are now fully specified:…”

Section: Fixed 50-50 Dd Pam4 Mpmzm Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We conclude that a common physical realization, based on a pair of parallel MZMs, with a 50:50 splitter and a variable (tunable) combiner set to either 1 3 : 2 3 or 1 5 : 4 5 respectively, may dually serve both 2MP DD and 2MP COH generation of PAM4 or bipolar PAM4. This is an example of reconfigurability of the PAM4 MPMZM (see more on the optical reprogramming topic in Section 8)…”

Section: Fixed 50-50 Dd Pam4 Mpmzm Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accurate Power-Efficient Format-Scalable Multi-Parallel Optical Digital-to-Analogue Conversion

Nazarathy

Tomkos

2021

Photonics

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In optical transmitters generating multi-level constellations, optical modulators are preceded by Electronic Digital-to-Analog-Converters (eDAC). It is advantageous to use eDAC-free Optical Analog to Digital Converters (oDAC) to directly convert digital bitstreams into multilevel PAM/QAM optical signals. State-of-the-art oDACs are based on Segmented Mach-Zehnder-Modulators (SEMZM) using multiple modulation segments strung along the MZM waveguides to serially accumulate binary-modulated optical phases. Here we aim to assess performance limits of the Serial oDACs (SEMZM) and introduce an alternative improved Multi-Parallel oDAC (MPoDAC) architecture, in particular based on arraying multiple binary-driven MZMs in parallel: Multi-parallel MZM (MPMZM) oDAC. We develop generic methodologies of oDAC specification and optimization encompassing both SEMZM and MPMZM options in Direct-Detection (DD) and Coherent-Detection (COH) implementations. We quantify and compare intrinsic performance limits of the various serial/parallel DD/COH subclasses for general constellation orders, comparing with the scant prior-work on the multi-parallel option. A key finding: COH-MPMZM is the only class synthesizing ‘perfect’ (equi-spaced max-full-scale) constellations while maximizing energy-efficiency-SEMZM/MPMZM for DD are less accurate when maximal energy-efficiency is required. In particular, we introduce multiple variants of PAM4|8 DD and QAM16|64 COH MPMZMs, working out their accuracy vs. energy-efficiency-and-complexity tradeoffs, establishing their format-reconfigurability (format-flexible switching of constellation order and/or DD/COH).

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Section: Fixed 50-50 Dd Pam4 Mpmzm Generatormentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Generic Odacs: Classification Parameterization Coding 1-bit Gatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pam4 Dd Semzm Dyadic Design Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fixed 50-50 Dd Pam4 Mpmzm Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fixed 50-50 Dd Pam4 Mpmzm Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accurate Power-Efficient Format-Scalable Multi-Parallel Optical Digital-to-Analogue Conversion

Nazarathy

Tomkos

2021

Photonics

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Attojoule/bit folded thin film lithium niobate coherent modulators using air-bridge structures

Xu,

Zhu,

Tang

et al. 2023

APL Photonics

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Coherent technology has been employed in long-haul transmission systems in the past decade, with growing demand for capacity at ever-lower costs per bit. High-performance coherent modulators with high data rates, wide bandwidth, small footprint, and low power operation are highly desired. Toward this end, we propose a folded thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) dual-polarization in-phase quadrature modulator featuring a low half-wave voltage of 1 V and a compact footprint of 4 × 8 mm2. To suppress RF wavefront distortion and optimize high-frequency electro-optic performance, we utilize air-bridge structures in the U-turns of the traveling-wave electrodes. As a demonstration of the long-haul transmission capacities with our device, we present driverless 703 Gb/s/λ line-rate transmissions, with a subcarrier modulation scheme, over a 1120 km single-mode fiber link. Here, for the first time, to our knowledge, our device allows for attojoule-per-bit level electrical energy consumption over transmission distances above 1000 km. The device opens opportunities for much lower-cost and capacity-intensive coherent systems that consume ultra-low power, support high data rate, and work in small spaces.

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Roadmap on all-optical processing

Minzioni

Lacava

Tanabe

et al. 2019

J. Opt.

141

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The ability to process optical signals without passing into the electrical domain has always attracted the attention of the research community. Processing photons by photons unfolds new scenarios, in principle allowing for unseen signal processing and computing capabilities. Optical computation can be seen as a large scientific field in which researchers operate, trying to find solutions to their specific needs by different approaches; although the challenges can be substantially different, they are typically addressed using knowledge and technological platforms that are shared across the whole field. This significant know-how can also benefit other scientific communities, providing lateral solutions to their problems, as well as leading to novel applications. The aim of this Roadmap is to provide a broad view of the state-of-the-art in this lively scientific research field and to discuss the advances required to tackle emerging challenges, thanks to contributions authored by experts affiliated to both academic institutions and high-tech industries. The Roadmap is organized so as to put side by side contributions on different aspects of optical processing, aiming to enhance the cross-contamination of ideas between scientists working in three different fields of photonics: optical gates and logical units, high bit-rate signal processing and optical quantum computing. The ultimate intent of this paper is to provide guidance for young scientists as well as providing research-funding institutions and stake holders with a comprehensive overview of perspectives and opportunities offered by this research field.

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DAC-Free Ultralow-Power Dual-Polarization 64-QAM Transmission at 32 GBd With Hybrid InP IQ SEMZM and BiCMOS Drivers Module

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Accurate Power-Efficient Format-Scalable Multi-Parallel Optical Digital-to-Analogue Conversion

Accurate Power-Efficient Format-Scalable Multi-Parallel Optical Digital-to-Analogue Conversion

Attojoule/bit folded thin film lithium niobate coherent modulators using air-bridge structures

Roadmap on all-optical processing

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