Da excelência ao lixo: humilhação, assédio moral e sofrimento de trabalhadores em fábricas de calçados no Ceará

Abstract

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a vivência de humilhação e de sofrimento de trabalhadores da indústria calçadista com histórias de acidentes ou de adoecimento do trabalho, e também de competência e dedicação à empresa. É parte dos resultados da pesquisa "Violência e trabalho: acidentes de trabalho e humilhação na indústria calçadista do Ceará". A discussão fundamenta-se nos relatos de três trabalhadores de duas fábricas de calçados de grande porte instaladas no Ceará, selecionados entre 20 entrevistados com histórias de humilhação e constrangimento. Os resultados mostram que, no caso desses trabalhadores, a competência e a dedicação ao trabalho, resultantes da introjeção do ideal de excelência exigido nas empresas, levaram a uma maior exposição aos riscos presentes no ambiente de trabalho. Uma vez com a capacidade produtiva limitada, o trabalhador torna-se, então, alvo frequente de situações de humilhação e constrangimento-compondo um quadro de assédio moral. Essa vivência faz com que o trabalhador sinta-se traído, desprezado e descartado pela empresa, apesar de seu esforço e dedicação a ela. Isso tem sido apontado como um dos elementos importantes de intensificação do sofrimento físico e mental. Palavras-chave: Assédio moral, Humilhação, Acidentes de trabalho, Trabalhador da indústria calçadista, Ideal de excelência. From excellence to trash: humiliation, bullying and suffering amongst footwear industry workers in Ceará, Brazil This article discusses humiliation and suffering experiences amongst footwear industry workers with histories of accidents or sickness related to work, but that also have a history of dedication and competence in relation to their enterprises. It is part of the results of a larger research dealing with "violence and work: accidents and humiliation in the footwear industry in Ceará State (Brazil)". The discussion is based on the discourse of three workers of two different footwear industries of Ceará State, selected from a pool of 20 interviewees with histories of humiliation and constraints. The results have shown that, in the case of these workers, competence and dedication to work, related to introjections of the excellence ideal, as it is reinforced today in the industries, led to a greater level of work environment risk exposure. Once their productive capacity shows some limitations, the worker is frequently victim of humiliations and constraints-resulting in work-related bullying. This kind of experience leads to feelings of betrayal, contempt and discard, despite the workers' effort and dedication to the enterprise. This can be one of the factors responsible for the intensification of mental and physical suffering in the work.

Relationship between psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders in footwear industry workers

“…This paper suggests that stress coping strategies are developed by the footwear industries focused on workers' emotions and work problem solving (Folkman & Moskowitz, 2004), as these variables contribute to the relief of emotional distress, accepting responsibility, self-control, escape strategies and identification of specifics stressful (Folkman & Lazarus, 1988;Dardas & Ahmad, 2015). As for 'job dissatisfaction' changes in the organizational climate of footwear industries may reflect on important improvements in this factor (Rueda et al, 2012), since studies in this industrial sector have demonstrated the suffering experienced by workers (Borsoi et al, 2009;Rigotto et al, 2010;Silva et al, 2017). However, to initiate changes in companies, it would be necessary to have laws covering psychosocial risks, such as the Framework Directive 89/391/EEC; this declares that employers are obliged to ensure workers' health and to guarantee a safe and healthy work environment, both in terms of physical and psychosocial conditions at work (European Commission, 2001).…”

“…The literature contains several studies indicating that WRMDs affect almost every body part of workers in this industry, including the arm (Amano et al, 1988), the neck (Serratos-Perez & Mendiola-Anda, 1993), the shoulder (Descatha et al, 2004;Leclerc et al, 2004), the hand/finger (Gupta & Mahalanabis, 2006), the elbow (Descatha et al, 2007), the upper back (Aghili et al, 2012), the lower back (Warnakulasuriya et al, 2012), the knee (Dianat & Salimi, 2014), the hip/thigh and ankle/foot (Silva et al, 2016). In addition, the Brazilian footwear industry is marked by a history of physical and psychological violence perpetrated by supervisors against shop floor workers (Borsoi et al, 2009;Rigotto et al, 2010). Previous studies in footwear industries have evaluated the influence of few psychosocial factors in WRMDs or did not consider their impact on the various parts of the body.…”

Assédio Moral No Trabalho: Estado Da Arte E Lacunas De Estudos

“…Os trabalhos qualitativos, em sua maioria, pautam-se na ótica das vítimas, apresentando contextos diversos, como o bancário, o acadêmico, o fabril, além do setor público (BAILLIEN et al, 2009;BORSOI;RIGOTTO;MACIEL, 2009;CORRÊA;CARRIERI, 2007;LEWIS, 2006;MACIEL et al, 2007; PAIXÃO et al, 2014; SANCHES; MOTA; COSTA, 2011; TRACY; LUTGEN-SANDVIK; ALBERTS, 2006). Atenção às percepções de gestores de grandes empresas foi expressa na pesquisa de Teixeira, Munck e Reis (2011), e óticas múltiplas (processos jurídicos, vítimas, gerentes e agressor) foram evidenciadas no estudo Valadão Júnior e Mendonça (2015).…”

Moral harassment at work and its complexity: reviewing the scientific productions

“…There are, in humiliation and aggression, reasons for abandonment of employment, much less have a clear vision of who suffer bullying, as this, for him, is unknown. 13 Therefore, bullying is occurring intentionally, without limitation, for the purpose of belittling the victim of a disciplinary way, leaving her confused and psychically without actions. The aggressor is seen by the organization as a contributor of profit and productivity, so that their attitudes of arrogance and domination go unnoticed, creating and making this scenario a location hidden.…”