D<scp>ams and</scp> P<scp>olitics in</scp> T<scp>urkey</scp>: U<scp>tilizing</scp> W<scp>ater</scp>, D<scp>eveloping</scp> C<scp>onflict</scp>

Jongerden, Joost

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4967.2010.00432.x

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, it can also imply negative side effects in terms of exclusion of some actors at the margin of transnational processes, or resistance from actors who do not feel well represented". Grassroots transnationalization strategies, therefore, are complex and challenging, since knowledge 'adoption' and 'adaptation' may imply commensuration, institutionalization or normalization [151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158].…”

Section: Multi-actor Multi-scalar Battlefieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contested Knowledges: Large Dams and Mega-Hydraulic Development

Boelens

Shah

Bruins

2019

Water

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Locally and globally, mega-hydraulic projects have become deeply controversial. Recently, despite widespread critique, they have regained a new impetus worldwide. The development and operation of large dams and mega-hydraulic infrastructure projects are manifestations of contested knowledge regimes. In this special issue we present, analyze and critically engage with situations where multiple knowledge regimes interact and conflict with each other, and where different grounds for claiming the truth are used to construct hydrosocial realities. In this introductory paper, we outline the conceptual groundwork. We discuss ‘the dark legend of UnGovernance’ as an epistemological mainstay underlying the mega-hydraulic knowledge regimes, involving a deep, often subconscious, neglect of the multiplicity of hydrosocial territories and water cultures. Accordingly, modernist epistemic regimes tend to subjugate other knowledge systems and dichotomize ‘civilized Self’ versus ‘backward Other’; they depend upon depersonalized planning models that manufacture ignorance. Romanticizing and reifying the ‘othered’ hydrosocial territories and vernacular/indigenous knowledge, however, may pose a serious danger to dam-affected communities. Instead, we show how multiple forms of power challenge mega-hydraulic rationality thereby repoliticizing large dam regimes. This happens often through complex, multi-actor, multi-scalar coalitions that make that knowledge is co-created in informal arenas and battlefields.

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Section: Multi-actor Multi-scalar Battlefieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contested Knowledges: Large Dams and Mega-Hydraulic Development

Boelens

Shah

Bruins

2019

Water

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“…Total water storage depletion in this region may be related to the following factors. The first is impoundment and operation of upstream dams, accumulating available water (Jones et al, 2008;Jongerden, 2010). The second is climatic in origin, a drought related to lower than normal rainfall and snowfall in the upstream mountains (∼ 60 mm or 47.5 km 3 from 2006-2009 with respect to the 250 mm annual mean; Fig.…”

Section: Tigris-euphrates Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

GRACE water storage estimates for the Middle East and other regions with significant reservoir and lake storage

Longuevergne

Wilson

Scanlon

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

122

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International audienceWhile GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites are increasingly being used to monitor total water storage (TWS) changes globally, the impact of spatial distribution of water storage within a basin is generally ignored but may be substantial. In many basins, water is often stored in reservoirs or lakes, flooded areas, small aquifer systems, and other localized regions with areas typically below GRACE resolution ( 200 000 km2). The objective of this study was to assess the impact of nonuniform water storage distribution on GRACE estimates of TWS changes as basin-wide averages, focusing on surface water reservoirs and using a priori information on reservoir storage from radar altimetry. Analysis included numerical experiments testing effects of location and areal extent of the localized mass (reservoirs) within a basin on basin-wide average water storage changes, and application to the lower Nile (Lake Nasser) and Tigris- Euphrates basins as examples. Numerical experiments show that by assuming uniform mass distribution, GRACE estimates may under- or overestimate basin-wide average water storage by up to a factor of 2, depending on reservoir location and areal extent. Although reservoirs generally cover less than 1% of the basin area, and their spatial extent may be unresolved by GRACE, reservoir storage may dominate water storage changes in some basins. For example, reservoir storage accounts for 95% of seasonal water storage changes in the lower Nile and 10% in the Tigris-Euphrates. Because reservoirs are used to mitigate droughts and buffer against climate extremes, their influence on interannual timescales can be large. For example, TWS decline during the 2007-2009 drought in the Tigris-Euphrates basin measured by GRACE was 93 km3. Actual reservoir storage from satellite altimetry was limited to 27 km3, but their apparent impact on GRACE reached 45 km3, i.e., 50% of GRACE trend. Therefore, the actual impact of reservoirs would have been greatly underestimated (27 km3) if reservoir storage changes were assumed uniform in the basin. Consequently, estimated groundwater contribution from GRACE would have been largely overestimated in this region if the actual distribution of water was not explicitly taken into account. Effects of point masses on GRACE estimates are not easily accounted for via simple multiplicative scaling, but in many cases independent information may be available to improve estimates. Accurate estimation of the reservoir contribution is critical, especially when separating estimating groundwater storage changes from GRACE total water storage (TWS) changes. Because the influence of spatially concentrated water storage - and more generally water distribution - is significant, GRACE estimates will be improved by combining independent water mass spatial distribution information with GRACE observations, even when reservoir storage is not the dominant mechanism. In this regard, data from the upcoming Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission should b...

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“…This group discursively redefined the social understanding of the dam, shifting it into a symbol of the old communist regime (Williams, 1994). A similar case involved Turkey, Syria and Iraq, when the former used the dam 'GAP' as a tool of political and military strategy against the latter countries (Jongerden, 2010).…”

Section: Conflicts In Global and Local Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discourse Coalitions in the Controversy around the HydroAysen Project in the Patagonia Region of Chile

Merino¹,

Bello²

2014

International Journal of Social Science Studies

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This paper explores the discourse coalitions that became evident during the conflict around the HydroAysen hydroelectric megaproject in the Patagonia region of Chile. We explore three nodal concepts around which the coalitions were constructed and the argumentative and rhetoric strategies used.The analysis, inspired by a socio constructivist approach and based on Hajer's argumentative method (2005), studies 40 discourse allocutions from relevant leaders and social actors publically available through national press releases and web pages between 2011 and 2012.Findings reveal the presence of two discourse coalitions holding competing views. The first coalition includes the President of the Republic of Chile and the Ministry of Energy, together with the proposing hydroelectric company. This coalition displays a neoliberal socioeconomic-oriented argumentation based on the proposition that the Chilean energy crisis can be resolved through hydroelectricity, a natural resource abundant in the Patagonia, which would bring more development and connectivity to the Aysen region. The second coalition, made up of social and environmental groups 'Patagonia Without Dams' and 'Aysenines against HidroAysen' exhibits a more socio-environmental oriented argumentation. Their narrative revolves around the absence of a national energy policy which makes the country economically vulnerable to the establishment of mega projects such as the HydroAysen project that may benefit only a few enterprises but ruin unique environments such as that in Patagonia.We conclude that these antagonistic coalitions run along assymetric processes of discursive institutionalization. Furthermore, the HydroAysen case analysis contributes to explain the way discourse coalitions contribute to the failure of Chilean democracy to build social consensus on contentious issues.

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Dams and Politics in Turkey: Utilizing Water, Developing Conflict

Cited by 46 publications

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Contested Knowledges: Large Dams and Mega-Hydraulic Development

Contested Knowledges: Large Dams and Mega-Hydraulic Development

GRACE water storage estimates for the Middle East and other regions with significant reservoir and lake storage

Discourse Coalitions in the Controversy around the HydroAysen Project in the Patagonia Region of Chile

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