d-Allulose enhances postprandial fat oxidation in healthy humans

Self Cite

D-allulose is a rare sugar with an almost zero calorie and is known to suppress postprandial hyperglycemia and fat mass accumulation. Although D-allulose has been reported to be safe in healthy subjects and overweight/obese adults, its safety in borderline diabetes and diabetes patients has not been evaluated. Therefore, we conducted an open trial aimed to investigate the long-term safety of D-allulose in borderline diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Subjects took 5 g of D-allulose with meals three times daily for 12 continuous weeks. The general blood biochemical parameters, hematological parameters, urinary parameters, and anthropometric indicators were measured at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of the consumption periods and 4 weeks after completing consumption. Adverse events were assessed by the principal physician on each examination day. A total of 12 and 6 subjects with borderline and type 2 diabetes, respectively, were analyzed. No serious clinical problems were found in this study, although significant cholesterol variations and the improvements of some indicators of hepatic function were observed. In conclusion, the long-term ingestion of D-allulose is safe in borderline diabetes and type 2 diabetes. D-allulose can potentially suppress postprandial hyperglycemia and fat mass accumulation, and thus might be useful in diabetes.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Safety evaluation of 12-week continuous ingestion of D-allulose in borderline diabetes and type 2 diabetes

Misuzu

Hayashi

Iida

2019

Self Cite

“…Additionally, D-allulose was recently found to be a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) releaser that acts via vagal afferents and thereby restricts hyperglycemia and overfeeding (Iwasaki et al, 2018). The latter mechanisms have been reported to suppress hepatic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and enhance hepatic enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in rodents (Nagata et al, 2015;Ochiai et al, 2014) and fat oxidation in humans (Kimura et al, 2017;Yamaguchi et al, 2019). As for the safety of D-allulose, an 18 month toxicity study using rats was conducted (Yagi and Matsuo, 2009), and neither any abnormal effects nor clinical problems were reported for 12 weeks of continuous ingestion in normal humans (Hayashi et al, 2010) or overweight/obese humans (Han et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of a 48-week long-term ingestion of D-allulose in subjects with high LDL cholesterol levels

Tanaka

Kanasaki

Hayashi

et al. 2020

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-D-allulose is one of the rare sugars with almost zero calories and several health benefits. Previous studies have reported the safety of D-allulose in normal, overweight/obese, and diabetic humans. However, one study reported significant increases in T-Cho and LDL-C after 12 weeks of D-allulose intake; this report was not a randomized controlled trial and these changes were considered to be due to seasonal variations. We, therefore, conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 90 subjects with high LDL-C levels for 48 weeks to clarify the influence of long-term D-allulose consumption on cholesterol metabolism and efficacy. Subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups: highdose D-allulose (15 g D-allulose/day), low-dose D-allulose (5 g D-allulose/day), and placebo group (0 g D-allulose/day); each subject consumed a daily test beverage for 48 weeks. Clinical examinations were performed every eight weeks, beginning from initial consumption until week 52. No significant increases in T-Cho and LDL-C between test groups were observed, and 48 weeks of D-allulose consumption did not change risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, no clinical problems were recognized for other parameters. Additionally, significant improvements in hepatic enzyme activities, fatty liver score, and glucose metabolism after long-term D-allulose consumption were observed. The results from our study revealed that 1) D-allulose consumption is considered safe for long-term intake up to a year, and 2) D-allulose may be effective for improving hepatic functions and glucose metabolism.

“…However, the persistence of ALB increment after the D-allulose cessation spoke against this hypothesis. Serum ALB is an indicator of the nutritional status and functions as a transporter of fatty acids (Kuwahata, 2011), whereas D-allulose facilitates fatty acid metabolism (Kimura, 2017). D-Allulose-induced slight increment in the serum ALB level might suggest the facilitation of lipid metabolism or an improved nutritional status in the liver.…”

Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of increased weights of the liver and kidneys by cessation of D-allulose feeding in Wistar rats

Ochiai

Ohkubo

Nakamura

et al. 2019

Self Cite

Rare sugar D-allulose prevents obesity; however, an excessive and continuous intake of D-allulose may induce weight increases in the liver and kidney without apparent pathological and functional abnormalities. Conversely, there has not been reported about how these parameters will change after cessation of D-allulose intake. In this study, effects of a 10-week D-allulose cessation on liver and kidneys weights and biomarkers were investigated in rats previously fed a D-allulose containing diet for 4 weeks. Wistar rats were fed a control diet (C, n=16) or a 3% D-allulose diet (DA, n=16) for 4 weeks, and then the half of rats in the C and DA subgroups were dissected, while the other half of rats were fed the control diet for 10 weeks (C-C and DA-C, n=8, respectively). At the end of the first 4 weeks period, halves of rats in each diet group were euthanized, and the serum, urine, liver, and kidneys were used for pathological and biochemical analyses. The remaining rats were also similarly treated at the end of latter 10 weeks treatment. At week 4, the relative weights of the liver and kidneys were higher in the DA group than in the C group, but these differences were disappeared by cessation of D-allulose. No abnormal parameters related to liver and kidneys functions were observed in the serum and urine. These findings suggested that D-allulose-induced increases in the liver and kidneys weights could be recovered to the normal levels by D-allulose cessation without accompanying functional and pathological abnormalities.