Czochralski growth of mixed cubic sesquioxide crystals in the ternary system Lu2O3–Sc2O3–Y2O3

Kränkel, Christian; Uvarova, Anastasia; Haurat, Emile; Hülshoff, Lena; Brützam, M.; Guguschev, Christo; Kalusniak, Sascha; Klimm, D.

doi:10.1107/s2052520621005321

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…5 Demonstrations of the growth of highly complex oxide crystals have been limited to a few rare-earth-based compositional systems including aluminum garnets, 1,6,7 titanates, 2,8 borates, 3,9 calcium borates, 10,11 and sesquioxides. 12 The practical aspect of the growth of crystals from other highentropy compositional systems remains unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pioneering reports on bulk high-entropy oxide single crystals have motivated further studies on the growth of complex crystals from various compositional systems. − The interest in such crystals originates from the enhanced properties seen in polycrystalline high-entropy oxides, such as reversible energy storage, low thermal conductivity for environmental barriers, and high thermal stability. , In those oxides, admixing five or more cations in equiatomic amounts leads to an entropy-driven phase stabilization and a synergistic effect on functional properties . Demonstrations of the growth of highly complex oxide crystals have been limited to a few rare-earth-based compositional systems including aluminum garnets, ,, titanates, , borates, , calcium borates, , and sesquioxides . The practical aspect of the growth of crystals from other high-entropy compositional systems remains unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystal Growth and Phase Formation of High-Entropy Rare-Earth Aluminum Perovskites

Pianassola

Chakoumakos

Melcher

et al. 2022

Crystal Growth & Design

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We demonstrate for the first time the crystal growth of high-entropy rare-earth (RE) aluminum perovskites (REAlO3) using the micro-pulling-down method to inform future exploration of functional crystals. To determine how composition affects phase formation, we formulate equiatomic compositions containing five REs from the following list: Lu, Yb, Tm, Er, Y, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, Nd, Pr, Ce, La. To test whether combinations of REs with similar ionic radii may favor a single phase, compositions containing REs with consecutive or nonconsecutive ionic radius values were formulated. Powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicate that crystals containing only REs with similar ionic radii that form orthorhombic single-RE REAlO3 are a single phase. Crystals containing REs with dissimilar ionic radii or mixtures of REs that form orthorhombic, rhombohedral, and tetragonal single-RE REAlO3 are a mixture of phases. The elemental distribution in single-phase crystals analyzed via electron probe microanalysis confirms no evidence of preferential incorporation of any of the constituent REs. The distribution and composition of secondary phases were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy; secondary phases were seen as a small region in the center of the crystals with branching features closer to the outer surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Growth and Phase Formation of High-Entropy Rare-Earth Aluminum Perovskites

Pianassola

Chakoumakos

Melcher

et al. 2022

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…Similarly, solid solution mixing is also a feasible strategy in Yb 3+ -doped rare-earth sesquioxides for spectral broadening. , The mixed sesquioxide hosts can yield two types of crystalline phases (cubic and orthorhombic) due to the differences in cationic radii. − When the difference in cationic radii is small (atomic number Z = 21 (Sc), Z = 39 (Y), and Z = 65 (Tb) to 71 (Lu)), , the obtained mixed rare-earth sesquioxides generally belong to the cubic phase ( Ia 3̅). , As the cationic radii between different rare-earth sesquioxides become large, the orthorhombic solid solution with the space group of Pnma would be formed . For the cubic-phase mixing of rare-earth sesquioxides, mixing RE 2 O 3 (RE = Lu, Y, Sc) hosts attracts wide research attention because there is no absorption from the visible to infrared wavebands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17−19 When the difference in cationic radii is small (atomic number Z = 21 (Sc), Z = 39 (Y), and Z = 65 (Tb) to 71 (Lu)), 17,20 the obtained mixed rareearth sesquioxides generally belong to the cubic phase (Ia3̅ ). 21,22 As the cationic radii between different rare-earth sesquioxides become large, the orthorhombic solid solution with the space group of Pnma would be formed. 23 (LuScY) 2 O 3 crystal (18 nm).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of the Crystal Growth and Crystal-Field Effect of Yb³⁺ in Orthorhombic GdScO₃ and LaLuO₃ Crystals

Guo

Wang

et al. 2023

Crystal Growth & Design

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Yb 3+ -doped rare-earth sesquioxide crystals are a class of promising laser materials due to their high host thermal conductivity, but the insufficient emission bandwidth limits their applications in ultrafast pulsed lasers. Yb 3+ -doped orthorhombic mixed rare-earth sesquioxides show an effective spectral broadening based on the solid solution mixing strategy and indicate the development potential in ultrafast lasers. Herein, high-quality orthorhombic Yb:GdScO 3 and Yb:LaLuO 3 crystals were grown by optimizing the composition of raw oxide materials. Unlike the nearly standard stoichiometric cationic ratio in Yb:GdScO 3 , Yb:LaLuO 3 shows a La/Lu ratio below 1, suggesting the presence of anti-site Lu La defects in the host lattice. The following spectral analysis and crystal-field calculation indicate that Yb:GdScO 3 has only one kind of luminescent Yb 3+ site, while Yb:LaLuO 3 has four types of Yb 3+ centers due to the anti-site effect. Furthermore, as for the same species of Yb 3+ -doped sites, Yb:LaLuO 3 demonstrates nearly two times of inhomogeneous spectral broadening as that of Yb:GdScO 3 , which renders a more promising application value in ultrafast lasers. This study elucidates the importance of understanding the structure−activity relationship between different Yb 3+ -doped orthorhombic sesquioxides and might provide a feasible route for exploring Yb 3+ -doped ultrafast laser gain materials.

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“…A promising approach towards further development in this direction is based on compositions of Lu2O3 with other sesquioxides such as Sc2O3 and Y2O3, which have significantly lower melting temperatures. Recently, the first high-quality mixed sesquioxides crystal has been grown by conventional Czochralski method using an iridium crucible [74]. This approach might allow for a new generation of Yb-doped sesquioxide crystals with suitable properties for the thin-disk geometry in the near future [75].…”

Section: Gain Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Think-disk lasers and their applications for nonlinear frequency conversion toward THz and XUV

Drs¹

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This thesis is devoted to the development of ultrafast thin-disk lasers (TDL) oscillators and their use for intra-oscillator high-harmonic generation (HHG). The main motivation was to develop a simple and compact source of coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light. Conventionally, coherent XUV radiation can be found in large scale synchrotron or free-electron laser facilities. Laser driven HHG systems have long strived to become a lab-scale alternative to these sources. The major challenge has been the low conversion efficiency of the HHG process and the high demands on the driving laser. With the advancing laser technology, this situation is rapidly improving and several state-of-the-art HHG systems can nowadays reach an XUV flux which is in certain aspects comparable to synchrotrons. The intra-laser-oscillator HHG approach is inspired by femtosecond enhancement cavities. Driving HHG inside an enhancement cavity allows for recycling the unconverted pulse energy, while increasing the available power by the cavity enhancement factor. An enhancement cavity, however, requires coherent coupling of the femtosecond pulses into the cavity which is a demanding task. The intra-oscillator HHG approach offers a simplified concept using directly the cavity of the laser instead of an external enhancement cavity. To achieve sufficiently high driving power for efficient intra-oscillator HHG, the existing TDL technology had to be significantly improved and optimized for intracavity performance. Within the scope of this thesis, a strong focus was placed on the development of the driving laser and significant progress has been achieved. To this purpose, we investigated and demonstrated Kerr lens modelocked TDL oscillators based on the gain material Yb:YAG, which achieved several records in terms of their output performance. Using our system we have demonstrated the shortest pulse duration of any TDL oscillator of 27 fs, as well as the highest average power in the sub-100-fs regime of 100 W and the highest peak power of 100 MW. The corresponding increase of intracavity performance of our laser allowed us to significantly improve the HHG operation in terms of the generated XUV flux and photon energies. Starting from 0.5 nW generated at 13 eV demonstrated five years ago, we have improved the XUV flux to 10 μW at 30 eV at the current state. Although this is not yet the highest performance among other HHG systems, the flux value is becoming competitive to the results of enhancement cavities operating at similar photon energy. The improved output performance of the demonstrated TDLs is also highly attractive for nonlinear conversion toward longer wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. A part of this thesis is, thus, dedicated to terahertz generation. We have demonstrated the first TDL driven terahertz generation in 2018, through optical rectification in GaP. Later, we used the tunability and the high average power of our self-built TDL oscillator to experimentally investigate in detail the properties of optical rectification in GaP driven by 1- μm high-power Yb-based lasers. Finally, having the experience from intra-oscillator HHG, we have shown that the high-power driving laser can be replaced by driving the THz generation directly inside the cavity of a small KLM bulk laser oscillator.

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Czochralski growth of mixed cubic sesquioxide crystals in the ternary system Lu₂O₃–Sc₂O₃–Y₂O₃

Cited by 27 publications

References 73 publications

Crystal Growth and Phase Formation of High-Entropy Rare-Earth Aluminum Perovskites

Crystal Growth and Phase Formation of High-Entropy Rare-Earth Aluminum Perovskites

Exploration of the Crystal Growth and Crystal-Field Effect of Yb³⁺ in Orthorhombic GdScO₃ and LaLuO₃ Crystals

Think-disk lasers and their applications for nonlinear frequency conversion toward THz and XUV

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Czochralski growth of mixed cubic sesquioxide crystals in the ternary system Lu2O3–Sc2O3–Y2O3

Cited by 27 publications

References 73 publications

Crystal Growth and Phase Formation of High-Entropy Rare-Earth Aluminum Perovskites

Crystal Growth and Phase Formation of High-Entropy Rare-Earth Aluminum Perovskites

Exploration of the Crystal Growth and Crystal-Field Effect of Yb3+ in Orthorhombic GdScO3 and LaLuO3 Crystals

Think-disk lasers and their applications for nonlinear frequency conversion toward THz and XUV

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Czochralski growth of mixed cubic sesquioxide crystals in the ternary system Lu₂O₃–Sc₂O₃–Y₂O₃

Exploration of the Crystal Growth and Crystal-Field Effect of Yb³⁺ in Orthorhombic GdScO₃ and LaLuO₃ Crystals