Czech-U.S. Epa Health Study: Assessment of Personal and Ambient Air Exposures to Pah and Organic Mutagens in the Teplice District of Northern Bohemia

Watts, Randall R; Lewtas, Joellen; Stevens, Robert K.; Hartlage, T.A.; Pinto, Joseph P.; Williams, Ron; Hattaway, K.E.; Míšková, I.; Beneš, I; Kotĕsovec, F; Šrám, Radìm J.

doi:10.1080/03067319408034107

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Detailed statistical analysis did not reveal any correlation between personal exposures to PM 2.5 or PAH and any of the abovementioned activities, with the exception of exposure to ETS. In a study conducted in the Teplice district, no correlation was found between particleassociated PAH and nicotine levels (personal monitoring was conducted) and it was suggested that passive smoking did not contribute significantly to the existing ambient exposure in Teplice (Watts et al, 1994 ). While this could be the case in high ambient levels of PAH such as those found in Teplice, we do find a correlation between ETS and not the absolute PAH concentration but the relative CHRYS to BPer concentration ( CHRYS /BPer ratio ) .…”

Section: Exposure To Ets and Its Influence On Pah Exposure Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Georgiadis

Stoikidou

Topinka

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the context of a large -scale molecular epidemiology study of biomarkers of genotoxicity of air pollution, 24 -h mean personal exposures to airborne PM 2.5 ( particulate matter < 2.5 m ) and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAHs ) were measured in 194 non -smoking technical institute students living in the city of Athens, Greece ( an area with moderately high levels of air pollution ) and the nearby small town of Halkida anticipated to have lower pollution levels. Extensive information relevant to the assessment of long -term and recent exposure to PAH was obtained from questionnaires as well as a time ± location ± activity diary ( TLAD ) which was kept by all subjects during a 4 -day observation period. During the last 24 h of this period, subjects underwent personal exposure monitoring for PM 2.5 and PAH, while a sample of blood was donated at the end of this period. All subjects were monitored in this way twice; once during a winter season ( October ± February ) and once during the following summer season ( June ± September ) . Nine subjects with plasma cotinine levels above 20 ng / ml were considered as unreported smokers and excluded from the study. Winter PM 2.5 exposures were lower in Athens ( geometric mean 39.7 g / m 3 ) than Halkida ( geometric mean 56.2 g / m 3 ) (P < 0.001 ) , while there was no significant location difference during the summer ( Athens: geometric mean 32.3 g / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 32.9 g / m 3 ; P= 0.79 ) . On the other hand, PAH exposures ( sum of the eight carcinogenic PAHs ) were significantly higher in Athens than in Halkida during the winter ( Athens: geometric mean 8.26 ng / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 5.80 ng / m 3 ; P < 0.001 ) as well as during the summer ( Athens: geometric mean 4.44 ng / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 1.48 ng / m 3 ; P < 0.001 ) . There was a significant difference in the profile of the PAH exposures at the two locations, the proportion of lighter PAH ( benzo This difference appeared to be related to individual exposure to environmental tobacco smoke ( ETS ) , as indicated by ( a ) the correlation at the individual level between the CHRYS / BPer ratio and declared time of recent exposure to ETS as well as plasma cotinine levels, especially during the winter; ( b ) the parallel variation of the mean levels of all three markers ( declared ETS exposure, cotinine levels, CHRYS / BPer ratio ) among three subgroups of subjects ( Athens subjects who had lowest levels of all three markers; Halkida subjects other than those living in the institute campus area; and Halkida subjects living in the institute campus area who had the highest levels of all three markers ) . This demonstrates that ETS can have a distinctive effect on the PAH exposure profile of subjects exposed to relatively low levels of urban air pollution.

show abstract

Section: Exposure To Ets and Its Influence On Pah Exposure Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Georgiadis

Stoikidou

Topinka

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The (13). The mutagenic potency of extractable organics from ambient air particles was higher than that for U.S. residential areas that are heavily impacted by wood smoke but similar to that from U.S. cities more heavily impacted by vehicle emissions (13).…”

Section: Biomarkers and Personal Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Teplice Program: The Impact of Air Pollution on Human Health

Srám¹,

Beneš²,

Binková³

et al. 1996

Environmental Health Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reproductive studies were conducted in both males and females. A study of the effects of exposure on pregnancy and birth found an excess prevalence of low birth weight and premature births in Teplice; these adverse effects were more common in infants conceived in the winter and whose mothers were smokers. Based on questionnaires and medical examination, the reproductive development of young men was not different between districts and seasons, however, measures of semen quality suggest that exposure to high levels of air pollution are associated with transient decrements in semen quality. Environ Health Perspect 1 04(Suppl 4): 699-714 (1996)

show abstract

“…jet diameter and matched air pump has been utilized in field studies conducted in a region of the Czech Republic Ž with high air pollution Watts et al, 1994;Binkova et al, . 1995 to determine exposures of workers to particle-bound and semivolatile PAHs and to nicotine using previously Ž described methods not discussed in depth here Williams .…”

Section: Field Utilization Of Personal Air Monitormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These losses have been found to occur during extract concentration steps necessary for PAH chromatographic Ž . analysis Watts et al, 1994 . Corrected results were derived by comparing breakthrough recoveries to a standard solution that was similarly spiked onto a XAD-2 resin chamber and then eluted and carried through the same Ž .…”

Section: Field Utilization Of Personal Air Monitormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because personal Ž . exposure monitoring PEM is often needed to evaluate individual microenvironments as they relate to potential health effects, the U.S. EPA has sponsored or conducted investigations using active personal air monitoring as a Ž means to assist human exposurerbiomarker studies Watts et al, 1994;Binkova et al, 1995;Lewtas et al, 1997; U.S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of a personal air sampler for twenty-four hour collection of fine particles and semivolatile organics1

Williams

Watts

Stevens

et al. 1999

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The U.S. EPA has conducted an evaluation of a commercially available lightweight fine particle personal sampler for use in human exposure and Ž . biomarker studies involving 24-h collections of particulate matter, particle-bound organics such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs , and Ž . semivolatile organics PAHs . Independent laboratory evaluation of the prototype design, intended to produce a 2.5-mm aerodynamic diameter cut-point at Ž . Ž . a flow between 1.5 and 1.7 lpm liters per minute , indicated that at a challenge flow rate of 1.5 lpm, the sampler provided an aerodynamic cut-point dp 50 of only 1.7 mm. The variance between expected size selection resulted from the prototype's jet diameter dimension being inadvertently based upon a flow rate of 2.0 lpm rather than an intended 1.5-1.7 lpm. Other aerodynamic factors not presently accounted for may also have played an influence. Extrapolated cut-points for flow rates at 1 and 3 lpm for the prototype were determined to be 2.1 and 1.2 mm, respectively. Total losses attributed to unwanted particle retention within the sampler ranged from 10% for 0.91 mm size particles to essentially zero approaching diameters greater than 2.0 mm.Ž . The ambient concentration of particles -1.7 mm needed for acceptable gravimetric filter measurements involving 24-h sample collection was determined to be 10 mgrm 3 . Investigation of the sampler to retain and recover PAHs using XAD-2 resin, often of importance in human exposure biomarker studies, indicated that corrected recoveries between 94% and 108% could be obtained for 16 priority pollutant PAH species. Overall evaluation of the personal monitor indicates that it has research utility due to its modular features and size but reconfiguration should be performed that would permit true PM size 2.5 selection. The current configuration collects particles less than 2.5 mm at approximately 95% collection efficiency.

show abstract

Czech-U.S. Epa Health Study: Assessment of Personal and Ambient Air Exposures to Pah and Organic Mutagens in the Teplice District of Northern Bohemia

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Teplice Program: The Impact of Air Pollution on Human Health

Evaluation of a personal air sampler for twenty-four hour collection of fine particles and semivolatile organics1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About