Czech national programme and disposal canister concept

Pospiskova, Ilona; Dobrev, David; Kouřil, Milan; Stoulil, J.; Novikova, D P; Kotnour, Petr; Matal, Oldřich

doi:10.1080/1478422x.2017.1300379

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It is to be hoped that such progress will persuade those responsible for reviewing future licence applications for regulatory and government organizations that it is indeed possible to make reliable long-term predictions of the localised corrosion behaviour of passive materials. We may then see a shift back towards the consideration of passive materials for HLW/SF containers, as in the Czech program [254].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Modelling of Corrosion Processes and Lifetime Prediction for HLW/SF Containers—Part 1: Process Models

King,

Kolàř,

Briggs

et al. 2024

CMD

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The disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and spent nuclear fuel (SF) presents a unique challenge for the prediction of the long-term performance of corrodible structures since HLW/SF containers are expected, in some cases, to have lifetimes of one million years or longer. Various empirical and deterministic models have been developed over the past 45 years for making predictions of long-term corrosion behaviour, including models for uniform and localised corrosion, environmentally assisted cracking, microbiologically influenced corrosion, and radiation-induced corrosion. More recently, fracture-mechanics-based approaches have been developed to account for joint mechanical–corrosion degradation modes. Regardless of whether empirical or deterministic models are used, it is essential to be able to demonstrate a thorough mechanistic understanding of the corrosion processes involved. In addition to process models focused on specific corrosion mechanisms, there is also a need for performance-assessment models as part of the overall demonstration of the safety of a deep geological repository. Performance-assessment models are discussed in Part 2 of this review.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Modelling of Corrosion Processes and Lifetime Prediction for HLW/SF Containers—Part 1: Process Models

King,

Kolàř,

Briggs

et al. 2024

CMD

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“…The safety of high‐level nuclear waste repositories is based on the multibarrier concept, which includes an engineered barrier system (EBS) (usually a metal waste‐containing canister overpack surrounded by a backfill material such as bentonite) placed in a host rock located at depths of several 100 m below the surface. [ 1 ] Iron‐based alloys are foreseen as the canister materials of choice in a number of countries, for example, low carbon steel in France, [ 2 ] Switzerland [ 3 ] and the Czech Republic, [ 4 ] or cast iron inserts are also used for containing spent fuel assemblies inside a copper shell, such as in Sweden [ 5 ] and Finland. [ 6 ] This paper is focussed on the use of carbon steel canisters in a bentonite backfill.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the corrosion processes at steel/bentonite interfaces in in situ tests

Wersin

Hadi

Kiczka

et al. 2023

Materials & Corrosion

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Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses were conducted on steel/bentonite interface samples removed from four in situ experiments that were carried out in three underground research laboratories at different temperatures and under different hydraulic and geochemical conditions. The results provide valuable information about the corrosion processes occurring in high‐level radioactive waste repositories. Systematic patterns can be deduced from the results, irrespective of carbon steel grade, type of bentonite and its degree of compaction, geochemical environment or experimental setup. Thus, a clear dependence of the corrosion rates on temperature and exposure period, as well as on the availability of H2O and O2 provided by the surrounding bentonite buffer, is observed. Furthermore, Fe(II) ions released by corrosion interact with the structural Fe in the clay. Recent developments highlight the usefulness of reactive transport modelling in understanding the coupled corrosion and Fe–clay interaction processes.

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“…The Czech concept [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] of a HLW canister for deep geological repository considers three combinations of metallic material inner/outer case:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localised Corrosion of Stainless Steels 316l and 2205 in Synthetic Bentonite Pore Water and Bentonite Slurry

Stoulil¹,

Павлова²,

Kouřil³

2021

Acta Metall Slovaca

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One concept for Czech canister construction for deep geological repository considers stainless steel as an inner case material. Corrosion resistance to localised (pitting/crevice) corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel 316L and duplex steel 2205 was studied. The environment was synthetic bentonite pore water (SBPOW) of domestic bentonite BaM, or a slurry of bentonite in SBPOW. Tests were carried out between 40 °C and 90 °C under anaerobic conditions of a nitrogen atmosphere. The following methods were used for evaluation: potentiostatic tests at oxidation-reduction potential of the environment, long-term exposure tests in SBPOW and slurry, slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT), exposure test of U-bends, and optical microscopy. Results showed no susceptibility of either material to stress corrosion cracking. No localised corrosion was observed up to 70 °C. There was no localised attack observed in SBPOW at 90 °C, but there was localised corrosion detected in the bentonite slurry. Forced breakdown of the passive layer during SSRT, and artificial crevices (O-rings), showed no effect on localised corrosion propagation. The detrimental effect was probably a result of the adsorption ability of the bentonite particles, which allowed breakdown of passive layer and disabled repassivation of metastable pits.

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Czech national programme and disposal canister concept

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Review of the Modelling of Corrosion Processes and Lifetime Prediction for HLW/SF Containers—Part 1: Process Models

Review of the Modelling of Corrosion Processes and Lifetime Prediction for HLW/SF Containers—Part 1: Process Models

Unravelling the corrosion processes at steel/bentonite interfaces in in situ tests

Localised Corrosion of Stainless Steels 316l and 2205 in Synthetic Bentonite Pore Water and Bentonite Slurry

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