Cytotoxicity of MXene-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications: A mini review

Lim, Gim Pao; Soon, Chin Fhong; Ling, Nyuk; Morsin, Marlia; Nayan, Nafarizal; Ahmad, Mohd Khairul; Tee, Kian Sek

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111592

Cited by 116 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Unlike previous studies, where MXenes have shown significant toxicity at high tested concentrations against various cell lines [ 35 , 36 ], our study reports a new biomaterial-like property of Ti 2 CTx nanosheets against hWJ-MSCs. Over decades, titanium oxide has been used in hard-tissue engineering owing to its structural stability and high biocompatibility [ 37 ], which favors the encouraging cell response of Ti 2 CT X material.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Nanosheets Based Approach to Elevate the Proliferative and Differentiation Efficacy of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Singh

Kumar

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy and tissue repair necessitate the use of an ideal clinical biomaterial capable of increasing cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, MXenes 2D nanomaterials have shown remarkable potential for improving the functional properties of MSCs. In the present study, we elucidated the potential of Ti2CTx MXene as a biomaterial through its primary biological response to human Wharton’s Jelly MSCs (hWJ-MSCs). A Ti2CTx nanosheet was synthesized and thoroughly characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic tools. Our findings suggest that Ti2CTx MXene nanosheet exposure does not alter the morphology of the hWJ-MSCs; however, it causes a dose-dependent (10–200 µg/mL) increase in cell proliferation, and upon using it with conditional media, it also enhanced its tri-lineage differentiation potential, which is a novel finding of our study. A two-fold increase in cell viability was also noticed at the highest tested dose of the nanosheet. The treated hWJ-MSCs showed no sign of cellular stress or toxicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Ti2CTx MXene nanosheet is capable of augmenting the proliferation and differentiation potential of the cells.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Nanosheets Based Approach to Elevate the Proliferative and Differentiation Efficacy of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Singh

Kumar

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…It has been found that the cytotoxicity of MXene may be dependent on the size, preparation process, functional group, oxidative state, dose, and exposure time. 224 As the surface multifunctional strategies for MXenes in the biomedical fields are still in their early stages, the biocompatibility and long-term biosafety of MXene-based bioelectronics remains to be fully explored. 225,226 For instance, the in vivo metabolic pathways of MXenes are still unknown, and long-term internal circulation may accumulate in or even damage normal tissues.…”

Section: Mxene Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the increasing scientific interest in exploring various applications of MXenes, few studies on the toxicity of MXene have been reported. It has been found that the cytotoxicity of MXene may be dependent on the size, preparation process, functional group, oxidative state, dose, and exposure time 224 . As the surface multifunctional strategies for MXenes in the biomedical fields are still in their early stages, the biocompatibility and long‐term biosafety of MXene‐based bioelectronics remains to be fully explored 225,226 .…”

Section: Structures Properties and Perspectives Of Emerging 2d Materi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures, properties, and challenges of emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics and biosensors

Chen

Tang

et al. 2022

InfoMat

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Bioelectronics are powerful tools for monitoring and stimulating biological and biochemical processes, with applications ranging from neural interface simulation to biosensing. The increasing demand for bioelectronics has greatly promoted the development of new nanomaterials as detection platforms. Recently, owing to their ultrathin structures and excellent physicochemical properties, emerging two‐dimensional (2D) materials have become one of the most researched areas in the fields of bioelectronics and biosensors. In this timely review, the physicochemical structures of the most representative emerging 2D materials and the design of their nanostructures for engineering high‐performance bioelectronic and biosensing devices are presented. We focus on the structural optimization of emerging 2D material‐based composites to achieve better regulation for enhancing the performance of bioelectronics. Subsequently, the recent developments of emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics, such as neural interface simulation, biomolecular/biomarker detection, and skin sensors are discussed thoroughly. Finally, we provide conclusive views on the current challenges and future perspectives on utilizing emerging 2D materials and their composites for bioelectronics and biosensors. This review will offer important guidance in designing and applying emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics, thus further promoting their prospects in a wide biomedical field.

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“…Remarkably, their surfaces can be suitably functionalized or modified to enhance biocompatibility, functionality, selectivity/sensitivity, and smart targeting features thus rendering them attractive candidates for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. However, it appears that further explorations are needed regarding the biocompatibility, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of MXene-based materials or MXenes themselves, in vitro and in vivo [ 40 ]. The association of cytotoxicity of MXenes with the size/morphology, exposure time, functional groups, oxidative state, synthesis techniques, and type/dose administration have been reported, the size of MXenes being a vital parameter for their internalization by the targeted cells via endocytosis [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it appears that further explorations are needed regarding the biocompatibility, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of MXene-based materials or MXenes themselves, in vitro and in vivo [ 40 ]. The association of cytotoxicity of MXenes with the size/morphology, exposure time, functional groups, oxidative state, synthesis techniques, and type/dose administration have been reported, the size of MXenes being a vital parameter for their internalization by the targeted cells via endocytosis [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart MXene Quantum Dot-Based Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications

Iravani

Varma

2022

Nanomaterials

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MXene quantum dots (QDs), with their unique structural, optical, magnetic, and electronic characteristics, are promising contenders for various pharmaceutical and biomedical appliances including biological sensing/imaging, cancer diagnosis/therapy, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, delivery of drugs/genes, and analytical biochemistry. Although functionalized MXene QDs have demonstrated high biocompatibility, superb optical properties, and stability, several challenging issues pertaining to their long-term toxicity, histopathology, biodistribution, biodegradability, and photoluminescence properties are still awaiting systematic study (especially the move towards the practical and clinical phases from the pre-clinical/lab-scale discoveries). The up-scalable and optimized synthesis methods need to be developed not only for the MXene QD-based nanosystems but also for other smart platforms and hybrid nanocomposites encompassing MXenes with vast clinical and biomedical potentials. Enhancing the functionalization strategies, improvement of synthesis methods, cytotoxicity/biosafety evaluations, enriching the biomedical applications, and exploring additional MXene QDs are crucial aspects for developing the smart MXene QD-based nanosystems with improved features. Herein, recent developments concerning the biomedical applications of MXene QDs are underscored with emphasis on current trends and future prospects.

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Cytotoxicity of MXene-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications: A mini review

Cited by 116 publications

References 45 publications

Nanosheets Based Approach to Elevate the Proliferative and Differentiation Efficacy of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Nanosheets Based Approach to Elevate the Proliferative and Differentiation Efficacy of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Structures, properties, and challenges of emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics and biosensors

Smart MXene Quantum Dot-Based Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications

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