Cytotoxicity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Using Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to compare the cytotoxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to other commonly used retrofilling materials, Super-EBA and amalgam. This was accomplished using a cell viability assay for mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts after 24-hr exposure to extracts of varying concentrations of the test materials, in both freshly mixed and 24-hr set states. Methyl methacrylate 2% (vol/vol) served as the positive control, and complete culture medium served as the negative control. Differences in mean cell viability values were assessed by ANOVA (p < 0.05). In the freshly mixed state, the sequence of toxicity was amalgam > Super-EBA > MTA. In the 24-hr set state the sequence of toxicity at a low extract concentration was Super-EBA > MTA, amalgam, and Super-EBA > amalgam > MTA at a higher extract concentration. This study supports the use of MTA in the root-end environment.

In Vitro Cytotoxicity of White MTA, MTA Fillapex® and Portland Cement on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

“…The eluates can also be experimentally subjected to serial dilutions allowing the evaluation of a possible dose-response effect in a similar manner to the increased dilution occurring in vivo (1,19,20). It may also be assumed that the eluate dilution might lead to a more accurate comparison of cytotoxicity among different materials.…”

“…Concerning the materials employed for endodontic procedures, special care must be taken when choosing irrigants, intracanal dressings and filling materials, as they will be placed in close contact with live tissues such as dental pulp remnants, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone (1).…”

Histological, ultrastructural and quantitative investigations on the response of healthy human pulps to experimental capping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: a randomized controlled trial¶

“…The biological mechanism by which MTA induces dentine bridge formation is currently unknown. The predictable formation of a quality hard tissue barrier subjacent to MTA is likely to be multi-factorial, involving its sealing ability , Wu et al 1998, biocompatibility (Mitchell et al 1999, Keiser et al 2000, and production of an alkaline pulpal environement (Camilleri et al 2005). It has been shown in vitro that the MTA stimulates certain cytokine release in human osteoblasts and may provide an active role in hard tissue formation (Koh et al 1995, Koh et al 1998.…”

The effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on the production of growth factors and cytokine by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts

“…When it was used as a root-end filling material, fibrous connective tissue and thin layer of hard tissue formed in direct contact to MTA 7,23) . It is due to its low cytotoxicity against human PDL fibroblast, and for this reason, it is recommended to use of MTA in the root-end environment 24) . In this regard, we hypothesized that new root-end filling material MTA would influence the healing of tissues by modulating the production of growth factors and cytokines from PDL fibroblasts.…”