Cytotoxicity of Commercially Pure Titanium (cpTi), Silver-Palladium (Ag-Pd), and Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr) Alloys Commonly Used in the Fabrication of Dental Prosthetic Restorations

Ellakany, Passent; AlGhamdi, Maram A; Alshehri, Turki Khalid; Abdelrahman, Zakia

doi:10.7759/cureus.31679

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…As well, greater toxicity of the NiCr-AgPd couple is detected according to a higher secretion of IL-6 that is produced by various cell types, including keratinocytes, and plays an important role in the inflammatory response [45], as well as the processes of oncogenesis and the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma [46]. The obtained results are consistent with the studies of other authors, in which Ni 2+ ions also had a strong toxic effect on mucosal cells [47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Oral Galvanism Side Effects: Comparing Alloy Ions and Galvanic Current Effects on the Mucosa-like Model

Chepelova,

Antoshin,

Voloshin

et al. 2023

JFB

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The interaction of different dental alloys with the oral environment may cause severe side effects (e.g., burning sensation, inflammatory reactions, carcinogenesis) as a result of oral galvanism. However, the pathogenesis of side effects associated with oral galvanism is still unclear, and the effects of direct current and alloy corrosion ions are considered potentially contributing factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systemically compare the damaging effects of (1) galvanism as a synergistic process (direct current + corrosion ions), (2) direct current separately, and (3) corrosion ions separately on an in vitro mucosa-like model based on a cell line of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) to reveal the factors playing a pivotal role in dental alloys side effects. For this, we chose and compared the dental alloys with the highest risk of oral galvanism: Ti64–AgPd and NiCr–AgPd. We showed that galvanic current may be the leading damaging factor in the cytotoxic processes associated with galvanic coupling of metallic intraoral appliances in the oral cavity, especially in the short-term period (28 days). However, the contribution of corrosion ions (Ni2+) to the synergistic toxicity was also shown, and quite possibly, in the long term, it could be no less dangerous.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Oral Galvanism Side Effects: Comparing Alloy Ions and Galvanic Current Effects on the Mucosa-like Model

Chepelova,

Antoshin,

Voloshin

et al. 2023

JFB

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“…[ 15 ] On the other hand, the cpTi alloy showed no cytotoxic effect, and bone consolidation of the titanium implant occurred predominantly on the exposed bone surfaces rather than the implant surface. [ 7 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduced toxicity observed in cpTi may be attributed to the minimal release of vanadium ions, which have been associated with cell necrosis. [ 7 ] Furthermore, the investigation revealed that both commercial and novel titanium-based binary alloys demonstrated no statistically significant cytotoxicity. [ 8 9 10 11 ]…”

Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zirconia dental implants as a different alternative to titanium: A literature review

Chile,

Dolores,

Espinoza-Carhuancho

et al. 2023

JISPCD

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Aim: This article aims to provide an overview of the scientific evidence comparing zirconium dental implants with titanium implants. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE database accessed through PubMed and Scopus. The search included the keywords “dental implant,” “zirconia dental implant,” and “titanium dental implant” without any date restrictions. Results: The review examined research articles focusing on the physical and chemical characteristics of titanium and zirconia dental implants. Additionally, studies investigating the strength and translucency of zirconia, as well as the osseointegration of both materials, were analyzed. However, no conclusive evidence demonstrating the superiority of either material was found in the current literature. Conclusion: Taking into account the findings of this narrative study, no significant differences were identified between zirconium and titanium dental implants. Further scientific research is required to establish a definitive recommendation regarding the use of one material over the other.

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“…Regarding cpTi and Ti6Al4V, commercially pure Ti is referred to as a non-cytotoxic material [ 11 ], while Ti6Al4V shows cytotoxicity due to the presence of V [ 12 ]. In addition, although their osseointegration and biocompatibility are appropriate, both still need to be improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type-A Gelatin-Based Hydrogel Infiltration and Degradation in Titanium Foams as a Potential Method for Localised Drug Delivery

et al. 2023

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A gelatin-based hydrogel was infiltrated and degraded-released in two different titanium foams with porosities of 30 and 60 vol.% (Ti30 and Ti60 foams) and fabricated by the space holder technique to evaluate its potential to act as an innovative, alternative, and localised method to introduce both active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and growth factors, such as morphogens, required after bone-tissue replacement surgeries. In addition, the kinetic behaviour was studied for both infiltration and degradation-release processes. A higher infiltration rate was observed in the Ti60 foam. The maximum infiltration hydrogel was achieved for the Ti30 and Ti60 foams after 120 min and 75 min, respectively. Further, both processes followed a Lucas-Washburn theoretical behaviour, typical for the infiltration of a fluid by capillarity in porous channels. Regarding the subsequent degradation-release process, both systems showed similar exponential degradation performance, with the full release from Ti60 foam (80 min), versus 45 min for Ti30, due to the greater interconnected porosity open to the surface of the Ti60 foam in comparison with the Ti30 foam. In addition, the optimal biocompatibility of the hydrogel was confirmed, with the total absence of cytotoxicity and the promotion of cell growth in the fibroblast cells evaluated.

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Cytotoxicity of Commercially Pure Titanium (cpTi), Silver-Palladium (Ag-Pd), and Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr) Alloys Commonly Used in the Fabrication of Dental Prosthetic Restorations

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Oral Galvanism Side Effects: Comparing Alloy Ions and Galvanic Current Effects on the Mucosa-like Model

Oral Galvanism Side Effects: Comparing Alloy Ions and Galvanic Current Effects on the Mucosa-like Model

Zirconia dental implants as a different alternative to titanium: A literature review

Type-A Gelatin-Based Hydrogel Infiltration and Degradation in Titanium Foams as a Potential Method for Localised Drug Delivery

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