Cytotoxicity of biologically synthesised bismuth nanoparticles against HT‐29 cell line

Abstract

This study was purposed to examine the cytotoxicity and functions of biologically synthesised bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NPs) produced by sp. SFG on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line of HT-29. The structural properties of Bi NPs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The cytotoxic effects of Bi NPs were analysed using flow cytometry cell apoptosis while western blot analyses were applied to analyse the cleaved caspase-3 expression. Oxidative stress (OS) damage was determined using the measurement of the glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) value of Bi NPs was measured to be 28.7 ± 1.4 µg/ml on HT-29 cell line. The viability of HT-29 represented a concentration-dependent pattern (5-80 µg/ml). The mode of Bi NPs induced apoptosis was found to be mainly related to late apoptosis or necrosis at IC concentration, without the effect on caspase-3 activities. Furthermore, Bi NPs reduced the GSH and increased the MDA levels and decreased the SOD and CAT activities. Taken together, biogenic Bi NPs induced cytotoxicity on HT-29 cell line through the activation of late apoptosis independent of caspase pathway and may enhance the OS biomarkers.

<p>Synergetic Influence of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles, Cisplatin and Baicalein-Rich Fraction on Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Radiosensitization Effects for Clinical Radiotherapy Beams</p>

“…Interestingly, Shakibaie et al discoveries supported this current study, in which bismuth nanoparticles possessed moderate radical scavenging properties but might also stimulate oxidative stress in facilitating cell killing mechanisms. 85 In a report of irradiated Bi 2 Se 3 -treated mice, it was indicated that the ROS induced in the blood could be oxidized by the nanoparticles. 86 The anti-radical properties of BiONPs could be instigated by the deficiency of oxygen in the material's surface, which might undergo a combination with the ROS.…”

Toxicity of microwave-assisted biosynthesized zinc nanoparticles in mice: a preliminary study

“…ZnO NPs have also proved to induce the expression of the genes attributed to ROS generation, OS damage and apoptosis such as Bax, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 [35]. Another study has also demonstrated that biogenic NPs (tellurium nanorods) induced necrosis or late apoptosis without altering the activity of caspase pathway [22]. Therefore, both apoptosis and necrosis may occur after exposure to NPs.…”

“…Oxidative mechanism and rise of OS indices were also observed as being involved in inducing cellular and organs toxicity after exposure to NPs, leading to apoptosis or necrosis [5,22]. The dual protective and toxic role for Zn-containing compounds based on the dose administered has been found in different studies [29,30].…”

“…The shape and size of NPs are important factors which could influence their toxicity. If NPs have a more spherical shape and lower size, they could penetrate more to the cell or tissue causing further toxic effects [21,22].…”

“…The results indicated that OS events were independent of caspase-3 activity and other molecular mechanisms may be involved. There is controversy over the activation of caspase pathway associated with the toxicity of NPs [22,33]. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to induce OS in human colon cancer cells through increased LPO and reduced GSH levels with the induction of mitochondria-involved apoptosis via the elevated levels of Bcl and caspase-3 proteins [34].…”