<p>Synergetic Influence of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles, Cisplatin and Baicalein-Rich Fraction on Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Radiosensitization Effects for Clinical Radiotherapy Beams</p>

Abstract

This study aimed to quantify synergetic effects induced by bismuth oxide nanoparticles (BiONPs), cisplatin (Cis) and baicalein-rich fraction (BRF) natural-based agent on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and radiosensitization effects under irradiation of clinical radiotherapy beams of photon, electron and HDR-brachytherapy. The combined therapeutic responses of each compound and clinical radiotherapy beam were evaluated on breast cancer and normal fibroblast cell line. Methods: In this study, individual BiONPs, Cis, and BRF, as well as combinations of BiONPs-Cis (BC), BiONPs-BRF (BB) and BiONPs-Cis-BRF (BCB) were treated to the cells before irradiation using HDR brachytherapy with 0.38 MeV iridium-192 source, 6 MV photon beam and 6 MeV electron beam. The individual or synergetic effects from the application of the treatment components during the radiotherapy were elucidated by quantifying the ROS generation and radiosensitization effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines as well as NIH/3T3 normal cell line. Results: The ROS generated in the presence of Cis stimulated the most substantial amount of ROS compared to the BiONPs and BRF. Meanwhile, the combination of the components had induced the higher ROS levels for photon beam than the brachytherapy and electron beam. The highest ROS enhancement relative to the control is attributable to the presence of BC combination in MDA-MB-231 cells, in comparison to the BB and BCB combinations. The radiosensitization effects which were quantified using the sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) indicate the highest value by BC in MCF-7 cells, followed by BCB and BB treatment. The radiosensitization effects are found to be more prominent for brachytherapy in comparison to photon and electron beam. Conclusion: The BiONPs, Cis and BRF are the potential radiosensitizers that could improve the efficiency of radiotherapy to eradicate the cancer cells. The combination of these potent radiosensitizers might produce multiple effects when applied in radiotherapy. The BC combination is found to have the highest SER, followed by the BCB combination. This study is also the first to investigate the effect of BRF in combination with BiONPs (BB) and BC (BCB) treatments.

Cytotoxic and Radiosensitizing Effects of Folic Acid-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles and Doxorubicin on Colorectal Cancer Cells

“…The presence of radiosensitizers in the cancer cells could increase ROS generation. 33 These effects may be related to apoptosis induction, which was observed in this study. Indeed, balance among apoptosis induction and its inhibition has a critical role in homeostasis of various tissues.…”

“…The presence of radiosensitizers in the cancer cells could increase ROS generation. 33 These effects may be related to apoptosis induction, which was observed in this study.…”

A review of bismuth‐based nanoparticles and their applications in radiosensitising and dose enhancement for cancer radiation therapy

“…Furthermore, Sisin et al. [17], reported that bismuth oxide nanoparticles (BumPs), cisplatin (Cis), and baicalein‐rich fraction (BRF) have the synergistic effect. They also illustrated the effects of natural‐based agent on ROS under irradiation by photon, electron and high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy of clinical radiotherapy beams on breast cancer and normal fibroblast cells.…”

Recent Breakthrough of Bismuth‐Based Nanostructured Materials for Multimodal Theranostic Applications

“…Day by day, cancer is becoming more severe as well as a common disease all over the world; 2 million women were affected by breast cancer in the year 2018; similarly, prostate, colorectal, stomach, and lung cancer cases are also drastically increasing. Breast cancer causes leading counts of death among females in over 103 countries [4]. Generally, constipation, dizziness, dermatitis, dry mouth, nausea, headache, insomnia diarrhea, and drowsiness are the common problems by the time of cancer treatment.…”

“…Cisplatin and BiONPs are possible radiosensitizers that might increase the efficacy of radiation in eradicating cancer cells. When used in radiotherapy, this combination of such powerful radiosensitizers may have numerous implications [4]. It was demonstrated that BiONPs, cisplatin, and combined brachytherapy had a synergetic effect that will benefit future chemoradiotherapy approaches in cancer medicine [49].…”