Cytotoxicity of 109 chemicals to goldfish GFS cells and relationships with 1-octanol/water partition coefficients

Saito, Hisao; Koyasu, Junko; Yoshida, Katsumi; Shigeoka, Tadayoshi; Koike, Sakae

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(93)90374-e

Cited by 69 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, based on the exposure‐based threshold values, 2,4‐DNP was less toxic than 2,4,5‐TCP (Tables 1 and 4). The exposure‐related toxicity concentrations (μmol/L) are clearly consistent with data from biochemical studies on energy transduction, cytotoxicity, and even acute toxicity data for fish (Tables 1 and 4) [15,19]. Dose‐related body residue values with end‐points other than mortality are scarce, and thereby difficult to compare.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Chemical stress and metabolic rate in aquatic invertebrates: Threshold, dose–response relationships, and mode of toxic action

Penttinen

Kukkonen

1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Four aromatic compounds were evaluated in laboratory studies to investigate their accumulation and toxicant‐induced changes in the rate of heat dissipation in the freshwater invertebrates Chironomus riparius and Lumbriculus variegatus. The sublethal energetic response detected by direct calorimetry was related to tissue chemical concentration by the threshold model and an attempt was made to apply the critical body residue (CBR) concept. Below the compound‐specific tissue threshold concentration or CBR, no correlations were found between the dose and the metabolic rate, and the slopes of the regression were close to zero. Above the threshold, depending on the chemical, metabolic rate either increased or decreased. An increase in heat output produced by 2,4‐dinitrophenol (2,4‐DNP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol (2,4,5‐TCP) was closely correlated with the dose. The order of toxicity for these phenols was 2,4‐DNP = PCP > 2,4,5‐TCP, which reflects the interaction of compounds' lipophilicities and acidities and their combined influence on bioaccumulation and effects on the energy‐transducing membrane by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. A decrease in the heat output caused by 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene (1,2,4‐TCB) was more variable relative to dose. Also, 1,2,4‐TCB required a much higher molar tissue threshold concentration (∼2.0 μmol/g wet weight) than required by phenols to generate the response. Both the metabolic response and the chemical threshold value were those expected to result from narcosis. Results suggest that calorimetric measures can identify not only the integrated physiologic response but also have some resolution of the mechanism of toxic effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Chemical stress and metabolic rate in aquatic invertebrates: Threshold, dose–response relationships, and mode of toxic action

Penttinen

Kukkonen

1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…26 With this value, the concentration of phenol in a hydrophobic ͑octanol͒ environment in equilibrium with water would be 30 times higher than the concentration in the water phase. Considering the capsule wall as a hydrophobic material, this partitioning can be compared to the octanol-water partition coefficient P OW , which is commonly employed to describe the hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of small solute molecules.…”

Section: B Distribution Of Phenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed field gradient NMR study of phenol binding and exchange in dispersions of hollow polyelectrolyte capsules

Choudhury

Schönhoff

2007

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The distribution and exchange dynamics of phenol molecules in colloidal dispersions of submicron hollow polymeric capsules is investigated by pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG-NMR). The capsules are prepared by layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayers on silica particles, followed by dissolution of the silica core. In capsule dispersion, (1)H PFG echo decays of phenol are single exponentials, implying fast exchange of phenol between a free site and a capsule-bound site. However, apparent diffusion coefficients extracted from the echo decays depend on the diffusion time, which is typically not the case for the fast exchange limit. We attribute this to a particular regime, where apparent diffusion coefficients are observed, which arise from the signal of free phenol only but are influenced by exchange with molecules bound to the capsule, which exhibit a very fast spin relaxation. Indeed, relaxation rates of phenol are strongly enhanced in the presence of capsules, indicating binding to the capsule wall rather than encapsulation in the interior. We present a quantitative analysis in terms of a combined diffusion-relaxation model, where exchange times can be determined from diffusion and spin relaxation experiments even in this particular regime, where the bound site acts as a relaxation sink. The result of the analysis yields exchange times between free phenol and phenol bound to the capsule wall, which are on the order of 30 ms and thus slower than the diffusion controlled limit. From bound and free fractions an adsorption isotherm of phenol to the capsule wall is extracted. The binding mechanism and the exchange mechanism are discussed. The introduction of the global analysis of diffusion as well as relaxation echo decays presented here is of large relevance for adsorption dynamics in colloidal systems or other systems, where the standard diffusion echo decay analysis is complicated by rapidly relaxing boundary conditions.

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“…A promising result is that the toxicity of this group of organic compounds can also be estimated by calculating the logP values of the chemicals. A quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) between the hydrophobicity of organic solvents and their toxic potential has often been described for different organic compounds and with different test systems (Beltrame et al, 1984;Heipieper et al, 1995;Liu et al, 1982;Oikawa et al, 1985;Saito et al, 1993). However, these methods require repeat testing for every new group of organic solvents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is usually expressed in terms of the logP value, which gives the partitioning of a compound over an octanol/water two-phase standard system Saito et al, 1993). The logP values were calculated according to the hydrophobic fragment constants given by Rekker and de Kort (1979).…”

Section: Effects Of Organic Compounds On Growth Of Pseudomonas Putidamentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the toxicity of several aromatic carbonylic compounds and their reduced derivatives onPhanerochaete chrysosporiumusing aPseudomonas putidatest system

Hage

Wever

Zennaro

et al. 2001

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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Cytotoxicity of 109 chemicals to goldfish GFS cells and relationships with 1-octanol/water partition coefficients

Cited by 69 publications

References 24 publications

Chemical stress and metabolic rate in aquatic invertebrates: Threshold, dose–response relationships, and mode of toxic action

Chemical stress and metabolic rate in aquatic invertebrates: Threshold, dose–response relationships, and mode of toxic action

Pulsed field gradient NMR study of phenol binding and exchange in dispersions of hollow polyelectrolyte capsules

Determination of the toxicity of several aromatic carbonylic compounds and their reduced derivatives onPhanerochaete chrysosporiumusing aPseudomonas putidatest system

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