Cytotoxicity evaluation of dental and orthodontic light‐cured composite resins

Abstract

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of light‐cured composite resins (Clearfil ES‐2, Clearfil ES Flow, Filtek Supreme XTE, Grengloo, Blugloo, Transbond XT, and Transbond LR) then to assess leachable components in contact with human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and to quantity detected bisphenol A (BPA). Methods Light‐cured composite resin discs were immersed for 24 hours in gingival fibroblastic medium (n = 3 for each product) and in control medium (n = 2 for each product) contained in plate. Cytotoxicity of the products (n = 95) was determined by the measure of cell viability using MTT assay after reading the optical densities of the plates. The analysis of leachable components was done by gas phase chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and detected BPA was quantified. The limit of quantification was 0.01 μg/mL. Statistical analyses were performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests were applied. Results Cell viabilities were between 85 and 90%. Many chemical compounds including triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and BPA were identified. The average concentrations were 0.67 μg/mL ± 0.84 in the control medium and 0.73 μg/mL ± 1.05 in the fibroblastic medium. Filtek Supreme XTE presented the highest concentration of BPA with 2.16 μg/mL ± 0.65 and Clearfil ES Flow presented the lowest with 0.25 μg/mL ± 0.35. No BPA was detected with Transbond XT and Transbond LR. Clearfil ES Flow, Filtek Supreme XTE, Grengloo and Transbond LR presented residual TEGDMA. Conclusions Light‐cured composite resins are slightly cytotoxic opposite GFs and release many components including BPA and TEGDMA. Clinical precautions should be taken to decrease the release of these monomers.

Physical/Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Orthodontic Adhesives Containing Calcium Phosphate and Nisin

“…Released monomers could be detected even after long-term immersion for up to 52 weeks [36]. Eluted monomers from orthodontic adhesives are slightly toxic to human gingival fibroblasts [37]. Additionally, the detection of BPA from commercial adhesives was reported, which could be due to impurities during Bis-GMA synthesis.…”

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Various Composite Resin Materials: An In Vitro Study

“…Complex polymers that comprise a range of stabilizers, initiators, plasticizers, activators, monomers, and other additives make up the composite resins used in dentistry. The two most common monomers are triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) [1]. BPA is a raw ingredient needed to make Bis-GMA and is never found in its pure form [2].…”

In vitro cytotoxicity of resin cement and its influence on the expression of antioxidant genes

“…Toxins may be released both early in the process, owing to defective photopolymerization, and over time, owing to erosion and degradation, influenced by thermal, mechanical, enzymatic and chemical factors 5 . It is estimated that about 1.5 to 5% of the methacrylic groups remain unreacted 6 , 7 . In fact, TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and UDMA (urethane dimethacrylate) have been detected in dental composite water and artificial saliva eluates by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in concentrations higher than those reported to be cytotoxic in primary human oral fibroblast cultures 8 , 9 .…”