Cytotoxicity assessment of lipid-based self-emulsifying drug delivery system with Caco-2 cell model: Cremophor EL as the surfactant

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems and cationic surfactants: do they potentiate each other in cytotoxicity?

“…Furthermore, the culture time plays an important role in cell confluence and differentiation . Bu et al . showed that 21‐day cultured cells maintain higher cell viability compared to 5‐day and 1‐day‐old Caco‐2 cells.…”

“…The cytotoxic screening of cationic surfactant solutions, SEDDS and SEDDS containing 1% or 5% cationic surfactant was evaluated in Caco-2 cells utilizing MTT assay. This method is simple, rapid and useful for studying toxicity of in-vitro-cultured cells, [12,18] and in the defined experimental conditions, a cell viability of at least 80% was regarded as non-toxic. [19] The results of cytotoxicity of different concentrations of cationic surfactants are shown in Figure 6, in which the rank order of their cytotoxicity is in agreement with the results obtained from haemolysis test.…”

“…Taking on the one hand the considerable toxicity of cationic surfactants into account and being on the other hand aware of the dose‐dependent cytotoxicity of SEDDS, their combination might even potentiate the toxicity of each of them. According to this, there might be a serious safety concern.…”

“…[10] Benzalkonium chloride, for instance, was proven to cause corneal and conjunctival toxicity, disruption of tight junctions, preapoptosis and apoptosis, cytoskeleton changes and immunoinflammatory reactions. [11] Taking on the one hand the considerable toxicity of cationic surfactants into account and being on the other hand aware of the dose-dependent cytotoxicity of SEDDS, [12,13] their combination might even potentiate the toxicity of each of them. According to this, there might be a serious safety concern.…”

Applications of cell culture studies in pharmaceutical technology

“…Understanding their toxicity is important for the correct interpretation of results. Bu et al, 2016 showed that using Cremophor EL as the surfactant did not damage the Caco-2 cell layer and did not induce toxicity in the lipid-based self-emulsifying drug delivery system 44 .…”