Cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of a dendritic C60 mono-adduct and a malonic acid C60 tris-adduct on Jurkat cells

Rancan, Fiorenza; Rosan, Stefania; Boehm, Fritz; Cantrell, Ann; Brellreich, Michael; Schoenberger, Hubert; Hirsch, Andreas; Moussa, Fathi

doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(02)00320-2

Cited by 135 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although the carboxylated water-soluble fullerene derivatives were not found to be phototoxic to B lymphocytes (Irie et al, 1996), the malonic acid derivatives of fullerenes were found to be cytotoxic and phototoxic to both HeLa (Yang et al, 2002) and Jurkat cells (Rancan et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of fullerol in human lens epithelial cells

Roberts

Wielgus

Boyes

et al. 2008

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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The water-soluble, hydroxylated fullerene [fullerol, nano-C 60 (OH) [22][23][24][25][26] ] has several clinical applications including use as a drug carrier to bypass the blood ocular barriers. We have assessed fullerol's potential ocular toxicity by measuring its cytotoxicity and phototoxicity induced by UVA and visible light in vitro with human lens epithelial cells (HLE B-3). Accumulation of nano-C 60 (OH) [22][23][24][25][26] in the cells was confirmed spectrophotometrically at 405 nm and cell viability estimated using MTS and LDH assays. Fullerol was cytotoxic to HLE B-3 cells maintained in the dark at concentrations higher than 20 µM. Exposure to either UVA or visible light in the presence of >5 µM fullerol induced phototoxic damage. When cells were pretreated with non-toxic antioxidants: 20 µM lutein, 1 mM N-acetyl cysteine, or 1 mM L-ascorbic acid prior to irradiation, only the singlet oxygen quencher lutein significantly protected against fullerol photodamage. Apoptosis was observed in lens cells treated with fullerol whether or not the cells were irradiated, in the order UVA > visible light > dark. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that in the presence of the endogenous lens protein α-crystallin, large aggregates of fullerol were reduced. In conclusion, fullerol is both cytotoxic and phototoxic to human lens epithelial cells. Although the acute toxicity of water soluble nano-C 60 (OH) 22-26 is low, these compounds are retained in the body for long periods, raising concern for their chronic toxic effect. Before fullerols are used to deliver drugs to the eye, they should be tested for photo-and cytotoxicity in vivo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of fullerol in human lens epithelial cells

Roberts

Wielgus

Boyes

et al. 2008

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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“…The photoirradiated fullerene is excited from its ground state and converted back via intersystem crossing, creating a highly toxic singlet oxygen species. Researchers have demonstrated that using photodynamic therapy, fullerenes could photosensitize specifically targeted cells, which could rapidly reduce cell viability [103] . This technique has also been modified to a theranostic approach utilizing gadolinium-containing endohedral fullerenes to selectively target, photosensitize and image tumor reduction over time [104] .…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Fullerenes in Nanomedicine: An Update

Dellinger¹,

et al. 2013

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Abstract:Fullerenes are carbon spheres presently being pursued globally for a wide range of applications in nanomedicine. These molecules have unique electronic properties that make them attractive candidates for diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications. Herein, the latest research is discussed on developing fullerene-based therapeutics as antioxidants for inflammatory diseases, their potential as antiviral/bacterial agents, utility as a drug delivery device and the promise of endohedral fullerenes as new MRI contrast agents. The recent discovery that certain fullerene derivatives can stabilize immune effector cells to prevent or inhibit the release of proinflammatory mediators makes them potential candidates for several diseases such as asthma, arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Gadolinium-containing endohedral fullerenes are being pursued as diagnostic MRI contrast agents for several diseases. Finally, a new class of fullerene-based theranostics has been developed, which combine therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities to specifically detect and kill cancer cells. Figure 1C). Fullerenes have a unique cage structure with delocalized π-molecular orbital electrons. This structure confers unusual activity in electron transfer systems due to their low reorganization energy, low lying excited states (singlet and triplet) and extended triplet lifetimes. Furthermore, the spherical configuration of the planar benzene rings imposes an

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“…75 The cell death was mainly caused by membrane damage and it was UV dose-dependent. Tris-malonic acid fullerene was found to be more phototoxic than the dendritic derivative.…”

Section: Fullerenes and Pdt Of Mammalian Cells Including Cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy with fullerenes

Mróz

Tegos

Gali

et al. 2007

Photochem Photobiol Sci

274

209

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Fullerenes are a class of closed-cage nanomaterials made exclusively from carbon atoms. A great deal of attention has been focused on developing medical uses of these unique molecules especially when they are derivatized with functional groups to make them soluble and therefore able to interact with biological systems. Due to their extended π-conjugation they absorb visible light, have a high triplet yield and can generate reactive oxygen species upon illumination, suggesting a possible role of fullerenes in photodynamic therapy. Depending on the functional groups introduced into the molecule, fullerenes can effectively photoinactivate either or both pathogenic microbial cells and malignant cancer cells. The mechanism appears to involve superoxide anion as well as singlet oxygen, and under the right conditions fullerenes may have advantages over clinically applied photosensitizers for mediating photodynamic therapy of certain diseases.

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Cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of a dendritic C60 mono-adduct and a malonic acid C60 tris-adduct on Jurkat cells

Cited by 135 publications

References 13 publications

Phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of fullerol in human lens epithelial cells

Phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of fullerol in human lens epithelial cells

Application of Fullerenes in Nanomedicine: An Update

Photodynamic therapy with fullerenes

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