Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells

Abstract

Background. Root canal obturation is performed by gutta-percha cones and sealer. Therefore, these materials, specially sealers, must be biocompatible. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and mineralization activity of two calcium silicate-based sealers (Endoseal MTA and Ceraseal) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH26). Materials and Methods. In this experiment, the cytotoxicity of Endoseal MTA, Ceraseal, and AH26 on human gingival fibroblast cells was examined using Methyl-Thiazol-Tetrazolium assay at time intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr. The mineralization activity of sealers was evaluated by Alizarin red staining assay. Prism, ver.3, software was used to perform statistical tests. One-way analysis of variance analysis, followed by Tukey’s test, was used to determine the group differences. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. Cytotoxicity of sealers decreased gradually ( P < 0.0001 ). AH26 showed the highest level of cytotoxicity ( P < 0.001 ). In terms of cytotoxicity, no considerable differences were observed between the two-calcium silicate-based sealers ( P > 0.05 ). AH26 showed the lowest mineralization activity ( P < 0.0001 ). Among the calcium silicate-based sealers, mineralization and formation of calcium nodules were more frequently observed in the Endoseal MTA group ( P < 0.001 ). Conclusion. The examined calcium silicate-based sealers had less cytotoxicity and higher mineralization activity than the resin-based sealer (AH26). There was negligible difference between the cytotoxicity of the two-calcium silicate-based, but the cell mineralization caused by Endoseal MTA was higher.

Comparative bioactivity and immunomodulatory potential of the new Bioroot Flow and AH Plus Bioceramic sealer: An in vitro study on hPDLSCs

“…On the other hand, the favourable biocompatibility exhibited by the tested CSSs is consistent with previous evidence on other CSSs [ 56 – 58 ]. Specifically, AHPbcs also showed a favourable cytocompatibility on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) using an MTT [ 25 ] and an XTT assay [ 27 ] on previous studies.…”

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of bioceramic root canal sealers compared to conventional resin-based sealer

“…Numerous studies suggested that CSBS sealers may present lower cytotoxic potential contrasted to other types of root canal sealers 25 , 44 – 48 . In the case of bioceramic sealants, the cytotoxic effect may be related to the release of substances during the setting and subsequent dissolution of the material (calcium ions) 40 , the addition of radiopacifiers or thickening agents 49 , the content of oxides, mainly barium oxide 50 , and the formation of hydroxyapatite 49 .…”

Advances and challenges in regenerative dentistry: A systematic review of calcium phosphate and silicate-based materials on human dental pulp stem cells

“…Stem cells from the elderly, similar to cells from the young, exhibit a reaction to these signals [ 87 , 89 ]. In contrast, a study by Tiantian Wu et al [ 56 ] demonstrated that the use of calcium silicate cement significantly influenced cell viability, the high alkalinity of the calcium silicate-based sealer media can up-regulate alkaline phosphatase activity and enhance mineralization [ 56 , [90] , [91] , [92] , [93] , [94] ].…”