Cytotoxicity and Hemostatic One Step Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Coated with Green Tea for Biomedical Application

Abstract

Heparin and its low molecular weight are anticoagulants that prevent the formation and extension of blood clots. However, these anticoagulant causes bleeding that takes longer to stop. Here, we explore using magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) as a safe and effective nontherapeutic agent for blood clotting prevention. In this work, Magnetic iron oxide coated with green tea (GT@Fe3O4NPs) was successfully synthesized using a simple eco-friendly green method. Green tea is employed as a green reducing and stabilizing agent. We employed this method as a new low-cost and time-consuming route. Structural, blood biocompatibility and anticoagulant properties of the (GT@Fe3O4NPs) were analyzed. These analyses showed that the particles were of uniform shapes and sizes of 25 - 36 nm with a coating of GTPs. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement demonstrated a saturation magnetization of 4.90 emu/g with negligible coercivity and retentivity, indicating the superparamagnetic behavior of the GT@Fe3O4NPs at room temperature. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles were highly stable and well-dispersed in an aqueous medium through their hydrophilic coating of GTPs. Cell viability and prothrombin time (PT) showed excellent blood compatibility in addition to promising anticoagulant ability, respectively. The work offers a novel, safe nanotherapeutic agent as a substitutional for heparin. As a result, GT@Fe3O4NPs can compete with heparin either in hemodialysis or the treatment of thromboembolic events as it can overcome related bleeding problems to a great extent. HIGHLIGHTS Magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4 NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) could be a safe substitutional of heparin, overcoming side effects of heparin such as bleeding Magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4 NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) can advance anticoagulant drugs by increasing control of the anticoagulant (e.g., decreasing the dose and reducing side effects while maintaining efficacy and increasing circulation) The new magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4 NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) anticoagulant drugs will profit patients undergoing high-risk surgical procedures and overcome anticoagulant-related bleeding problems to a great extent GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Nanoparticles in Electrochemical Immunosensors – A Concept and Perspective

“…[10,11] At the same time, the synthesis and functionalization procedures to obtain stable and versatile NPs are a continuously evolving field of research to bring one-step and eco-friendly methods. [12][13][14] NPs with diverse shapes and sizes can be easily synthesized, being ecofriendly and free of chemical substances dangerous in the case of clinical and biological applications [15] (e. g., detection of clinically relevant biomolecules, such as cancer biomarkers or tumor cells). [7] Furthermore, minimizing interferences with the target signal in complex matrices (e. g., environmental and food samples) [16] becomes easier by involving NPs in the sample pretreatment step.…”

“…Additionally, various kinds of NPs can be integrated with other N‐dimensional (ND) nanomaterials in nanocomposites, originating multifunctional, versatile, and hybrid sensing platforms [10,11] . At the same time, the synthesis and functionalization procedures to obtain stable and versatile NPs are a continuously evolving field of research to bring one‐step and eco‐friendly methods [12–14] . NPs with diverse shapes and sizes can be easily synthesized, being eco‐friendly and free of chemical substances dangerous in the case of clinical and biological applications [15] (e. g., detection of clinically relevant biomolecules, such as cancer biomarkers or tumor cells) [7] .…”