Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of green synthesized silver, gold, and silver/gold bimetallic NPs on BHK‐21 cells and human blood lymphocytes using MTT and comet assay

2023

Nanotechnology, a modern technique, is apprehensive for small‐size nanoparticle (NP) generation via superficial, straightforward, and pharmaceutically modes. The main aim of the current research was to project the development of a green justifiable method to synthesize Ag/Au bimetallic NPs (BNPs) via Hippeastrum hybridum (HH) extract and then to use these BNPs as rat brain anti‐acetylcholinesterase (anti‐AChE) in ex vivo mode. According to the current results, BNPs exhibited a sharp peak of 542 nm when characterized by ultravioet (UV)–visible spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis exhibited peaks, which confirmed the existence of various phytochemicals in HH plant extract; X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystal BNPs 8.34 nm mean size; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that BNPs had a square shape with 20‐nm nanomeasures calculated sizes; and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis confirmed Ag and Au composition, which was reported to be 12% and 38.26%, respectively. Moreover, the anti‐AChE potential of BNPs was also tested to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD). An excellent anti‐AChE activity was exhibited by BNPs in which AChE exhibited 31 ± 0.22% activity at 150‐μg concentration of BNPs with 103 ± 0.42 μg IC50. Statistical analysis exhibited that BNPs inhibit AChE noncompetitively, Km remain constant, whereas Vmax decreased from 7.24 to 6.1 (18.23% to 31.11%). Ag/Au BNPs do not affect KIapp, while increasing Vmaxiapp from 11.07 to 16 (17.39% to 67.4%). The Km, Ki, and KI were described to be 0.024 mM, 169 μg, and 91 μg, respectively. So, it is concluded that small‐size, stable, potent Ag/Au BNPs were synthesized from HH extract, and consequently, these BNPs significantly inhibit AChE activity in rat brain homogenate and thus prove to be a significant remedy in the treatment of AD.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Synthesis, optimization, and characterization of silver/gold allied bimetallic from Hippeastrum hybridum (L.) and their ex vivo anti‐acetylcholinesterase activity in rat brain

Sher

2023

“…Sher and Ahmed et al, Wang et al, and Sher and Alkhalifa et al [90][91][92] reported that NPs exhibited anti-AChE activity by adsorption or interaction with the enzyme. According to Sher and Ahmed et al and Rajakumar et al, 89,93 because of the NPs' lipophilicity and enzyme molecules' hydrophobicity, the NPs exhibited attraction to the AChE enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti‐Alzheimer performance of green synthesized silver, gold, and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles

Sher

et al. 2023

Nanotechnology can be used to produce nanoparticles (NPs) through the green route by using plant extract. NPs can be synthesized in many ways, but there is a growing need to build up high‐yield, low‐priced, harmless, and eco‐friendly procedures; thus, the green synthesis of NPs is one recent advancement in nanotechnology and nanoscience. The current study is designed for the development of an easy, feasible, and eco‐friendly, method for the biosynthesis of silver/gold (Ag/Au) monometallic NPs (MNPs) and their Ag/Au bimetallic NPs (BNPs) by using the metabolic extract of the novel Hippeastrum hybridum (HH) plant. The HH plant has not previously been used in the synthesis of BNPs. These NPs were then tested for their potential as a scavenger of different free radicals, that is, ferric chloride, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 2,2 azobis, 3‐ethyl benzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS), ammonium molybdate, anti‐enzyme activity against alpha‐amylase (α‐amylase), and snake venom enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to check their potential as antioxidants by using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy investigations, MNPs and BNPs were both identified. According to UV–vis sharp peaks at 417, 576, and 542 nm were recorded, which corresponded to AgNPs, AuNPs, and BNPs, respectively. According to XRD examination, the crystal structure contains Ag, Au, and Ag/Au BNPs with average sizes of 13.3, 10.72, and 8.34 nm, respectively. Ag, Au, and Ag/Au BNPs possessed morphologies that were asymmetrical, according to SEM, and were calculated to be 40, 30, and 20 nm in size, respectively. The signal of Ag of the HH‐AgNPs was confirmed to be 22.75%, the Au signal of the HH‐AuNPs to be 48.08%, the Ag signal to be 12%, and the elemental Au signal to be 38.26% of the Ag/Au BNPs. The BNPs showed more significant activities as free radical scavengers with 86.58 ± 0.031 (ferric chloride), 50 ± 0.052 (molybdenum), 69.1 ± 0.31 (DPPH), 64.15 ± 0.31 (H2O2), and 70.55 ± 0.08 (ABTS) 50% inhibitory concentrations. BNPs competitively inhibit α‐amylase (Vmax remained unchanged, Km increased from 10.65% to 84.37% and 10.75% to 132.76%, respectively), while in the case of AChE, Km remained constant and Vmax decreased from 23.62% to 40.26% due to a non‐competitive type of inhibition. However, further research is suggested to reduce the drawbacks of NPs.

“…[92] A perusal of scientific studies reports that carboxylic acids, terpenoids, aldehydes, flavonoids, amides, and ketones are the vital bio-molecules accountable for efficient metallic reduction for interpreting its applicative properties. [93] The IR spectra of HP-AgNPs with the slight changes in peaks credited to interaction between functional moieties present in HPE and AgNPs. Thus, from the FTIR spectrum, it may be assumed that these phyto-components are responsible the bioreduction as well as in the stabilization of HP-AgNPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of Hypecoum pendulum‐assisted novel bio‐inspired silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant, anti‐diabetic, and anti‐Alzheimer properties

Huda

et al. 2023

This research aims to study the biogenic synthesis and characterization of Hypecoum pendulum extract-induced silver nanoparticles (HP-AgNPs) and to investigate its antioxidant, anti-alpha-amylase, and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. UV spectrometry at 417 nm with an surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of 1.54 confirmed the biosynthesis of HP-AgNPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that HP-AgNPs are crystalline with a 36 nm size. The average size of 80 nm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The functional moieties bearing compounds accountable for the encapsulation and stability of HP-AgNPs were assessed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) demonstrated that silver was the main element (49%) of HP-AgNPs. HP-AgNPs showed the promising antioxidant potential of ABTS (71.57%), diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 69.46%), H 2 O 2 (66.94%), ferric chloride (73.71%), and ammonium molybdenum (65.7%). HP-AgNPs exhibited significant enzymatic inhibition potential with IC 50 of 48.8 ± 4.03 μg/mL (α-amylase) and 51.78 ± 3.16 μg/mL (AChE). Kinetics studies showed that HP-AgNPs produced mixed-type inhibition against α-amylase (K m increased from 40.65 to 131.44%, whereas V max decreased from 4.14 to 9.77%) and non-competitivetype inhibition (V max decreased from 17.05 to 62.03% and K m remain constant) against AChE. Finally, it may be concluded that HP-AgNPs may possess anti-Alzheimer, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant capabilities.