Cytotoxicity and DNA Binding Ability of Two Novel Gold(III) Complexes

Gold(III) Complexes: An Overview on Their Kinetics, Interactions With DNA/BSA, Cytotoxic Activity, and Computational Calculations

“…The studies against normal and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer have shown the ability of gold(III) porphyrin complex, in vitro and in vivo, to exceed cisplatin resistance without affecting health tissue (Lum et al, 2014;Bauer et al, 2019). Furthermore, carbamate-based Au(III) complexes were used for animal experiments and based on the observed data of clinical studies gave promising results of good anticancer effects (Marzano et al, 2011;Gu et al, 2019). All these facts have contributed to the assumption that gold(III) complexes have different modes of action compared with platinum antitumor active compounds (Nobili et al, 2009).…”

Complexation of Gold(III) with Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate-Derived Hydrazones in Aqueous Solution

“…Gold has two main oxidation states, +1 and +3. While the Au + complexes have been synthesized in abundance, and their antimicrobial and antifungal properties have been thoroughly studied (including well-known compounds used for other medical purposes, e.g., auranofin, an antiarthritic agent [ 2 ]), the gold(III) complexes, on the contrary, are mainly investigated as antitumor agents based on their similarity to platinum(II) preparations [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. A small number of Au 3+ compounds have been tested for efficacy against pathogens (see, e.g., reviews [ 7 , 8 ] and papers [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]).…”

“…From the analysis of the literature data, it can be concluded that there are two, at least, main mechanisms of the biological action of gold. First, metal has a genotoxic effect associated with the binding of coordination compounds to DNA (both intercalation [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] and covalent binding in grooves [ 5 , 19 , 20 ]) or with the cleavage of DNA caused by the formation of free cationic radicals from N-donor ligands in the presence of Au 3+ ions [ 21 ] or the unwinding of the DNA double helix of DNA [ 15 ]. Second, it may cause the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase, which leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis.…”

“…The study of binding between Au 3+ complexes and proteins and DNA is often conducted [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 35 , 36 ]. However, in the referenced papers [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 35 , 36 ], the possible dissociation of the metal complex and separate binding of the ligand and cation to the biomolecule are not taken into account (despite the process of dissociation of metal complexes in the presence of DNA or protein being possible and abundant [ 30 , 37 , 38 ]).…”

“…The study of binding between Au 3+ complexes and proteins and DNA is often conducted [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 35 , 36 ]. However, in the referenced papers [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 35 , 36 ], the possible dissociation of the metal complex and separate binding of the ligand and cation to the biomolecule are not taken into account (despite the process of dissociation of metal complexes in the presence of DNA or protein being possible and abundant [ 30 , 37 , 38 ]). Furthermore, if enzymes such as thioredoxin reductase are considered biological targets, the dissociation of the Au 3+ complex is necessary for inhibition, because the gold(III) ion binds to the residues of (seleno)cysteine with the formation of Au-S (Se) bonds.…”