Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of 6,7-Dehydroroyleanone from Taiwania cryptomerioides Bark Essential Oil in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Abstract

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Taiwania cryptomerioides essential oil and its phytochemical on the Hep G2 cell line (human hepatocellular carcinoma). Bark essential oil has significant cytotoxicity to Hep G2 cells, and S3 fraction is the most active fraction in cytotoxicity to Hep G2 cells among the six fractions. The diterpenoid quinone, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone, was isolated from the active S3 fraction by bioassay-guided isolation. 6,7-Dehydroroyleanone exhibited significant cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, and the efficacy of 6,7-dehydroroyleanone was better than the positive control, etoposide. Apoptosis analysis of Hep G2 cells with different treatments was characterized via flow cytometry to confirm the cell death situation. Etoposide and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone could induce the apoptosis in Hep G2 cells using flow cytometric assay. Results revealed 6,7-dehydroroyleanone from T. cryptomerioides bark essential oil can be a potential phytochemical to develop the anticancer chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of the human hepatocellular carcinoma.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antimelanogenesis Effects of Leaf Essential Oil from Agathis dammara

“…The fresh and mature leaves of A. dammara were hydrodistilled for 6 h by using the Clevenger apparatus. After the hydrodistillation, the leaf essential oil was placed in a dark glass bottle and stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C for further investigation [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and Chemical Composition of Pistacia chinensis Leaf Essential Oil

“…The compound was characterized by comparing the mass spectra ( m / z 50–650 amu) with library databases, including National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Wiley, and Arithmetic index (AI) [ 44 ]. The quantification of constituents was analyzed by integrating the peak area of the chromatogram [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Bioactive Molecules from Plants: Discovery and Pharmaceutical Applications

“…Probably plants are the most well-known source of molecules with demonstrated anticancer therapeutic properties. Another set of papers of this Special Issue have investigated the antitumoral properties of plant extracts and plant-derived compounds, revealing interesting antiproliferative and/or pro-apoptotic activities in vitro [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In addition, Huang and coworkers have shown that Ceylon olive leaf extract and its phytochemicals, such as mearnsetin, displayed potent antimelanogenesis effects in a zebrafish model [ 19 ].…”