Cytotoxic Triterpenoids from Roots of Actinidia chinensis

Abstract

Phytochmical investigation of roots of Actinidia chinensisPlanch. led to the isolation triterpenoids 1 - 16, including a new compound 2α,3α,23,24-tetrahydroxyursa-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid (1). Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI mass spectrometry, and by comparison with the literatures. The cytotoxicities of triterpenoids 1 - 16 against a panel of cultured human cancer cell lines (HepG2, A549, MCF-7, SK-OV-3, and HeLa) were evaluated. The new compound 1 exhibited moderate antitumor activities with IC values of 19.62 ± 0.81, 18.86 ± 1.56, 45.94 ± 3.62, 62.41 ± 2.29, and 28.74 ± 1.07 μm, respectively. The experiment data might be available to explain the use of roots of A. chinensis to treat various cancers in traditional Chinese medicine.

Actinidia chinensis Planch.: A Review of Chemistry and Pharmacology

“…Table 2 lists the nutritional composition of sun-gold kiwifruit reported from the USDA Food Composition Database (United States Department of Agriculture, USDA Food Composition Databases, 2018). Table 3 shows the chemical content of A. chinensis fruit (Chang and Case, 2005; Cui et al, 2007; Zhou et al, 2009; Xu et al, 2010; He et al, 2014; He et al, 2015a; He et al, 2015b; Xu et al, 2016; Twidle et al, 2018; Sivakumaran et al, 2018; Wei et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2018). Of particular note, nutritional composition in kiwifruit is vitamin C (1.61 mg/g) and minerals K (3.15 mg/g).…”

“…Crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from A. chinensis exhibited strong inhibition against tumor growth in various forms of human cancer cells. These cancer cells were hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 (Xu et al, 2010; Zuo et al, 2012), Hep3B, SMMC7721, MHCC97L, MHCC97H, HCCLM3 (Fang et al, 2019), HL-7702 (He et al, 2017), Huh7 (Hou et al, 2018), lung cancer cells NCI-H460 and NCI-H1299 (Lv et al, 2018), colon cancer cells HT-29, LoVo, and SW480, pharyngeal carcinoma cell lines Fadu and HEP-2, gastric cancer cells SGC-7901, BGC-823, MKN-49P, and MFC, as well as other cancer cells like A549, P-388, MCF-7, SK-OV-3, and HeLa (Chang and Case, 2005; Xu et al, 2010; Xu et al, 2010; Zuo et al, 2012; Shen et al, 2014; Xia et al, 2017; Gu et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2017; Wei et al, 2018). These reported antitumor activities are consistent with the traditional usage such as liver cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, esophagus cancer, and gastric cancer.…”

“…Today, a range of kiwifruit processed products with the attractive eating quality and nutritional benefits has been developed including juice, preserved fruit, yogurt, wine, canned fruit, dried kiwi slices, fruit vegetable juice drinks, milk beverage, and vinegar. Apart from being a food and natural health product, the whole plant (fruits, branches and leaves, vines and roots) of A. chinensis has been used as traditional folk medicine in China (He et al, 2017; Wei et al, 2018; Fang et al, 2019). The ripe kiwifruit, tastes sweet and sour, acts on the spleen, stomach, and kidney meridians, has improving properties on dyspepsia, loss of appetite, and vomiting.…”

“…Much of these bioactivities of A. chinensis are consistent with those observed in traditional folk medicine. More importantly, A. chinensis showed significantly antitumor and antioxidant properties, and these effects could be depended on the presence of a range of triterpenoids, polysaccharide, and phenolic compounds (Chang and Case, 2005; Wei et al, 2018; Fang et al, 2019). However, the information on the chemical and biological activities of A. chinensis is scattered.…”

Isolation, characterization, and bioactivities of compounds from Fuscoporia torulosa mushroom

“…Considering the relationship between the structure and cytotoxic activity of pentacyclic triterpenoids, it is seen that C3 hydroxyl group, C17 carboxyl group, and Δ 12,13 double bonds may be important active groups for bioactivity of pentacyclic triterpenoids, and hydroxyl groups in C2 or C23 may decrease bioactivity (Gao, He, Bi, Wu, & Altman, ). Previously, cytotoxicity against MCF‐7 of Compounds 2 (IC 50 : 57.5 ± 2.0 µg/ml), 3 (IC 50 : 98.12 ± 1.01 µM), 4 (IC 50 : 42.20 ± 3.62 µM), 8 (IC 50 : 4.6 ± 0.1 µM), 10 (IC 50 > 50 µM), 11 (IC 50 : 0.141 µM) and cytotoxicity against PC‐3 of Compound 3 (IC 50 : 90.9 ± 3.2 µg/ml), 4 (IC 50 : 45.2 ± 2.5 µg/ml) and 7 (14.7 ± 8.5% growth inhibition at 20 µM) were studied (Ekon et al, ; Mo et al, ; Nguyen et al, ; Rao, Fang, Wu, & Tzeng, ; Torres et al, ; Vinh et al, ; Wei, Ma, Liu, Huang, & Liao, ; Xu et al, ; Zhao et al, ). This is the first report about cytotoxic activity against MCF‐7 of Compounds 1 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 and cytotoxic activity against PC‐3 of Compounds 1 , 2 , 10 .…”