Cytotoxic effect of green silver nanoparticles against ampicillin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Abstract

Utilizing novel SNPs synthesized by Nostoc Bahar M sp. to combat the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of this bacterium through targeting virulence and resistance signalling.

<p>Cyanobacteria – A Promising Platform in Green Nanotechnology: A Review on Nanoparticles Fabrication and Their Prospective Applications</p>

“…(N-SNPs) was assessed against drug-resistant K. pneumoniae. 124 The results demonstrated for the first time the relationship between biogenic silver-NPs and genes related to a bacterial secretion system. N-SNPs resulted in downregulation of the hns, hcp-1, VgrG-1, and VgrG-3 genes responsible for inducing the secretion system.…”

“…135 For illustration, the decrease in GSH level after exposure the cells to NPs lead to accumulation of ROS causing oxidative stress. 124 Similarly, the imbalance in antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, 123 superoxide dismutase, catalase, etc., results in oxidative stress causing cellular dysfunction and led to cell death. 136 On the other side, other studies suggested that the direct interaction between NPs and cellular targets (such as mitochondrial respiration, metabolism, inflammation, etc.)…”

“…results in direct induction of oxidative stress. 124,132,137 In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cellular membranes are the protective barriers against the external stress and controlling the transport of nutrients in/out the cells. 37 When NPs injected to the cells, it was observed that these particles attracted to cellular membranes may be due to charge of NPs and their surface chemistry.…”

“…138,139 TEM micrographs taken by Hamida et al showed that N-SNPs attached to plasma membranes of MRSA, K. pneumoniae. 123,124 After NPs well ingested into cells, result in cytoplasmic dissolution and nuclear damage including nucleoagglomeration, chromatin condensation and DNA damage. 133 On the other hand, NPs impaired with biomolecules including enzymes (such as adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) causing metabolic toxicity), 123 antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes (such as GSH, GPx result in induction of oxidative stress), 124 proteins (such as membrane proteins causing protein denaturation led to influence biological activities), 123 nucleic acids (such as DNA causing DNA damage), 140,141 enhancing cellular death pathways.…”

Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Responses Elicited by Nostoc-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Different Cancer Cell Lines

“…Silver NPs (SNPs) have unique physicochemical and biological features that make them attractive in various domains, including medicine, agriculture, and industry [ 18 ]. These particles are also a promising alternative therapeutic agents against many diseases, including microbial and viral infections [ 12 , 29 , 30 ] and cancer [ 24 ], and for the treatment of burns [ 31 ]. For example, an SNP-based bandage approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for burns is already commercially available under the trade name of Acticoat [ 31 ].…”