Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Compounds from the Marine-Derived Fungus, Penicillium Species

Abstract

The organic extract of liquid cultures of the marine-derived Penicillium sp. was investigated. Fractionation of the extracts of the fungus led to the purification and identification of two new compounds, penicillatides A (1) and B (2), together with the previously reported cyclo(R-Pro–S-Phe) (3) and cyclo(R-Pro–R-Phe) (4). The structures of compounds 1–4 were assigned by extensive interpretation of their NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of the compounds against three human cancer cell lines as well as their antimicrobial activity against several pathogens were evaluated. Compounds 2–4 displayed variable cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.

LAMA-1: A Cerebroside Isolated from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum

“…Chemical investigation of deep-sediment-derived Penicillium chrysogenum S003 yielded a cerebroside molecular species (1), and three known compounds: ergosterol (2), epidioxyergosterol (3), and kojic acid (4). The chemical structures of purified compounds 1-4 were characterized using spectroscopic studies and by comparison with available data in the literature.…”

“…The chromatographic fractionation of extracts from the broth and mycelia of fungus Penicillium chrysogenum strain S003 using silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography resulted in the isolation of four separate compounds (1)(2)(3)(4). Compound 1 was assigned as a cerebroside molecular species, and the name LAMA was assigned to this compound.…”

“…Since the late 1990s, hundreds of novel compounds have been isolated and characterized from marine habitats annually [3], in stark contrast to their terrestrial counterparts. The most explored fungal isolates by the natural products chemists are the Penicillium species, which are considered a major source for drug discovery [4][5][6][7][8]. Currently, as reported in many recent reviews [9][10][11][12][13], the Penicillium genus still represents a major producer of diverse biologically active metabolites.…”

“…Here, we report the isolation, structure elucidation, and cytotoxic profiles of the purified compounds, including a cerebroside molecular species (1), together with the known reported compounds ergosterol (2) [28][29][30], epidioxyergosterol (3) [30,31], and kojic acid (4) [32][33][34][35].…”

Modulation of Bax and Bcl-2 genes by secondary metabolites produced byPenicillium rubensJGIPR9 causes the apoptosis of cancer cell lines

“…The members of the fungal genus Penicillium have been utilised worldwide for the production of highly versatile cytotoxic secondary metabolites. Many of the metabolites isolated from various species of the genus Penicillium have shown promising growth-inhibitory properties against different in-vitro as well as in-vivo human cancers (Kornienko et al 2015;Koul and Singh 2017;Youssef and Alahdal 2018). Several lead compounds from terrestrial fungi are currently being used for medicinal purposes (Gomes et al 2015).…”