Cytotaxonomy of the Lorisoidea (Primates: Prosimii)

Chromosomal Variability in the Genus Nycticebus

“…Concerning the morphology of the gonosomes, the data published by different authors are controversial. In our study, the X chromosome is a large sub- metacentric chromosome (as reported by de Boer [1], Stanyon et al [2] and Chen et al [3]). The Y chromosome is acrocentric, similar in length to the autosomal pairs 16 and 17.…”

“…De Boer's opinion is that intraspecific variation and chromosomal polymorphism are common features among prosimians [1]. According to Stanyon et al [2], this polymorphism is particularly high in Lorisidae.…”

Cytogenetic studies in Callicebus personatus nigrifrons (Platyrrhini, Primates)

“…To date eleven taxa have had their karyotypes analyzed, with diploid numbers 2n = 20, 22, 46, 48 e 50 (Table 1). DE BOER (1974) and MINEZAWA and BORDA (1984) suggested that the karyotype of C. donacophilus (2n=50) would be ancestral, with karyotypic evolution featuring a reduction in diploid number. This proposition is in agreement with the hypothesis of HERSHKOVITZ (1963), who believes, based on analysis of its fur pattern, that this species is closer to the ancestral condition.…”

Neotropical primate evolution and phylogenetic reconstruction using chromosomal data

“…For Callicebus, from 28 to 32 species have been recognized (Van Roosmalen et al 2002;Van Roosmalen & Van Roosmalen 2013), with chromosomal diploid numbers ranging from 16 chromosomes in C. lugens to 50 chromosomes in C. donacophilus pallescens, C. pallescens and C. hoffmannsi (De Boer 1974;Minezawa & Borda 1984;Stanyon et al 2000;Rodrigues et al 2001). Callicebus lugens is the species with the most derived karyotype and lowest diploid number of chromosomes found among all primates.…”

“…The karyotypes of these species are characterized by many polymorphisms and a variable diploid number, ranging from 46 to 59 chromosomes (Galbreath 1983;Torres et al 1998), with differences as well between males and females in the diploid number due to a translocation between chromosome Y and an autosome (Ma et al 1976;Pieczarka & Nagamachi 1988). It has been suggested that the karyotypes of these species originated from the ancestral platyrrhine karyotype (2n = 54), passing through fissions, translocations and inversions (De Boer 1974;Ma et al 1976;Mudry et al 1984; Figure 2. Platyrrhine molecular phylogenetic tree, modified from Perelman et al (2011); this tree, drawn using the Mesquite program, reports human ancestral and new associations characterizing each principal node: Cebidae (a), Atelidae (b), and Pitheciidae (c).…”