Cytotaxonomy of &lt;i&gt;Solanum indicum&lt;/i&gt; Complex

2006

Plant Biology

Mitotic chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 13 South American species (12 native and one naturalized) from four sections of SOLANUM subgen. LEPTOSTEMONUM were studied. Chromosome numbers of S. ACERIFOLIUM, S. AENICTUM, S. CONDITUM, S. CONSIMILE, S. INCARCERATUM, and S. PLATENSE are reported for the first time. The number 2n = 24 was found in most species, while 2n = 22 was found in S. MAMMOSUM and S. PLATENSE. The latter is the second SOLANUM with this unusual number. Satellites are always present and were visible in more than 50 % of the cells studied. Karyotypes are symmetrical: M and SM chromosomes are common, whereas ST chromosomes are rare. The karyotypes of S. AENICTUM, S. MAMMOSUM, and S. PANICULATUM are comparatively asymmetrical. Species can be distinguished by a combination of chromosome number, karyotype formulae, karyotype length, the position of satellites in a particular chromosome pair, and asymmetry indices. The phenogram obtained does not reflect the sectional arrangements or the systematic affinities of the species studied. In sect. ACANTHOPHORA, increased asymmetry is associated with derived characters (strong andromonoecy, winged seeds, mammiform fruits). Diversification in the subgenus is suggested to be related to visible chromosome rearrangements and cumulative, cryptic structural changes may have also played a relevant evolutionary role.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Karyotype Studies in South American Species of Solanum subgen. Leptostemonum (Solanaceae)

Chiarini

2006

Plant Biology

“…Bernardello & al., 1994). Furthermore, the comparatively large size of the NOR-bearing pair (among the six largest in the karyotype) is also a common phenomenon in the genus (Swaminathan, 1954;Patil, 1968;Krishnappa & Chennaveeraiah, 1975;Pijnacker & Ferwerda, 1984;Wu & Li, 1985;Trivedi & Sinha, 1986;Okoli, 1988;Bernardello & Anderson, 1990). Although in the majority of the species here studied the appearance of satellites is regular, the range of occurrence among species varies between 50% and 100% of the cells, and sometimes they appear in only one homologue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Remarkable exceptions are cited in S. pseudolulo Heiser and S. basendopogon Bitter, the former with two NORbearing pairs, one of them with NORs on long arms as in the latter species (Bernardello & Anderson, 1990;Bernardello & al., 1994). On the other hand, in the S. indicum L. complex a maximum of three NOR-carrying pairs has been reported (Krishnappa & Chennaveeraiah, 1975). In Solanum NORs are most frequently placed on sm chromosomes, although in sect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bernardello & Anderson, 1990). In respect to chromosome morphology, the revised karyotypes usually have a majority of m and sm chromosomes, with the former being more frequent, in agreement with previous findings in Solanum (Oinuma, 1949;Swaminathan, 1954;Magoon & al., 1962;Mitra, 1967;Krishnappa & Chennaveeraiah, 1975;Pijnacker & Ferwerda, 1984;Wu & Li, 1985;Okoli, 1988;Bernardello & Anderson, 1990;Bernardello & al., 1994;Badr & al., 1997). In this sense, the predominance of st chromosomes as we observe in S. palinacanthum is a novelty.…”

Section: Fig 4 Diagram Showing the Intrachromosomal Asymmetry Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Karyotype analysis in several South American species of Solanum and Lycianthes rantonnei (Solanaceae)

Acosta

Guerra

et al. 2005

TAXON

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“…Chromosome pair 4 types in this section, like those in the family in general, consist of m and sm chromosomes (cf. Goodspeed, 1954;Swaminathan, 1954;Satina, 1959;Ramanna and Prakken, 1967;Krishnappa and Chennaveeraiah, 1975;Pickersgill, 1977;Di Fulvio, 1984;Moscone, 1989). Stebbins (1950Stebbins ( , 1971 proposed that among angiosperms there is a trend toward asymmetry in advanced taxa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Karyotypic Studies in Solanum Section Basarthrum (Solanaceae)

Anderson

1990

American J of Botany

Mitotic chromosomes of 450 individuals, representing 59 accessions of 18 of the 22 species of Solanum sect. Basarthrum were studied. Statistical analyses of chromosome length, genome length, and centromere position yielded estimates of karyotype composition and asymmetry. A generalized karyotype of the section shows that most of the chromosomes are metacentric (44%) or submetacentric (53%). A general trend emerged: the greater the total genome length, the more asymmetric the karyotype. However, karyotype asymmetry does not seem to be based on major chromosomal rearrangements. There is variation in species groups in the karyotype formula, and chromosome length differences were useful in distinguishing series. Patterns of cytological variation reinforce the systematic arrangement of the taxa based on morphological, chemical, and molecular studies. Chromosomal differences characterize most of the species. Five species bear subtelocentric chromosomes, two have telocentrics, and two have satellites. The genomes of the staminate and pistillate plants of the dioecious S. appendiculatum are identical. Of the species proposed as progenitors of the domesticated cultigen S. muricatum, S. caripense is the most similar karyotypically.