Karyotypic Studies in Solanum Section Basarthrum (Solanaceae)

Bernardello, Luis M.; Anderson, Gregory J.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1990.tb13571.x

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Conversely, At and A2 indices have been successfully applied in the Solanaceae in which chromosome size and karyotype asymmetry were correlated among species of Solanum (BERNARDELLO and ANDERSON 1990). In spite of the lack of conspicuous differences in asymmetry among species of Echinocereus a reduction in chromosome size and genome length was associated with relatively high At index in some of the more derived species in the genus.…”

Section: Speciation Without Detectable Chromosomal Changes Has Been Dmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Karyotypic studies in the genusEchinocereus(Cactaceae) and their taxonomic significance

Cota

Wallace

1995

Caryologia

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Mitotic chromosomes of 11 diploid (2n=22) species of Echinocereus and five varieties of the polyploid (2n = 4x = 44) E. engelmannii included in the seven taxonomic sections of the genus were studied. The genus exhibits relatively symmetric karyotypes, having mostly metacentric chromosomes. Likewise, interspecific and intraspecific variability was observed in terms of genome length, chromosome length, and karyotipic formula. There was also variability in the number of satellites, and they were observed on the short arms of the chromosomes. There is an apparent correlation in decreasing chromosome and genome length in species with more derived morphological characters. In addition, karyotype asymmetry increases as the chromosome and genome length increases. Polyploid taxa investigated had larger chromosomes and genomes than diploid taxa. Robertsonian changes and centric fusion of telocentric chromosomes, are thought to be involved in the existence of homogeneous karyotypes. No evidence of structural chromosomal rearrangements was detected. Overall, the high morphological plasticity that characterizes the genus Echinocereus parallels the relatively large karyotypic variability found in the species investigated.

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Section: Speciation Without Detectable Chromosomal Changes Has Been Dmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Several authors (JACKSON 1971;MoscoNE 1989;BERNARDELLO and ANDERSON 1990;RuAs et al 1994;BERNARDELLO et al 1994) have shown the importance of both chromosome numbers and karyotypic analysis in plant systematics. In the Cactaceae, however, few detailed karyotypic studies are available.…”

Section: Cytotaxonomic Background Of the Genus Echinocereusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Karyotypic studies in the genusEchinocereus(Cactaceae) and their taxonomic significance

Cota

Wallace

1995

Caryologia

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“…As is common in the family (cf. Bernardello and Anderson 1990;Bernardello et al 1994), the karyotype consists exclusively of m and sm chromosomes and is symmetrical (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Cytological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Slides were made permanent in Rhenohistol by means of Bradley's (1948) method. The methodology described in Bernardello and Anderson (1990) was used to construct the karyotypes. Ten cells per taxon were analyzed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hybrid nature of Lycium ciliatum × cestroides (Solanaceae): experimental, anatomical, and cytological evidence

Bernardello¹,

Rodriguez²,

Stiefkens³

et al. 1995

Can. J. Bot.

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The hybrid nature of Lyciurn ciliaturn x cestroides Hieron. is supported through experimental crosses. Using L. ciliaturn Schlecht. as a female parent, 57% of crosses set fruit with hybrid seeds, whereas reciprocal crosses were unsuccessful. Seeds had a high germination rate (76%). F, plants obtained agree with the herbarium specimens previously cited as putative hybrid and with a living plant we found in C6rdoba (Argentina). Leaf, stem, and flower anatomy, karyotype composition, and chemical nectar composition were analyzed in the artificial and the natural hybrid. Results were . compared with similar data on the parental species. Most of the studied features were intermediate between those of the parental species, as supported by principal component analysis. The origin of this hybrid may be due to pollen transfer mediated by bumblebees that occasionally visit both parental species. The distribution of the parental species overlaps in a wide Chaco region showing no spatial, environmental, or external reproductive isolating mechanisms. Results indicate there is a hybrid breakdown in the progeny of the hybrid that would restrict the natural interspecific gene flow.RCsumC : Des croisements expkrimentaux confirment la nature hybride du Lyciurn ciliaturn x cestroides Hieron. En utilisant le L. ciliaturn Schlecht. comme parent femelle, 57% des croisements foment des fruits avec des graines hybrides alors que les croisements rCciproques ne fonctionnent pas. Les graines ont un pouvoir germinatif ClevC (76%). Les plantes F, obtenues concordent avec les specimens d'herbier prealablement cites comme prCsumCs hybrides, et avec une plante vivante trouvCe ti Cordoba (Argentine).L'anatomie des feuilles, des tiges et des fleurs, la composition karyotypique, et la composition chimique du nectar ont Ct C analysCes chez l'hybride naturel et artificiel. Les rCsultats ont Ct C comparCs avec des donnCes de m&me nature sur les espbces parentales. La plupart des caractbres CtudiCs sont intermkdiaires entre ceux des espbces parentales, avec confirmation par analyse en composantes principales. L'origine de cet hybride pourrait provenir du transfer? de pollen par les bourdons, qui visitent occasionnellement et consCcutivement les deux espbces parentales. La distribution de ces deux espbces se recouvre dans une vaste rCgioin de Chaco et ne montrent pas de mCcanismes d'isolement reproductifs spatial, environnemental ou externe. Les rksultats indiquent l'existence d'une rupture hybride dans la descendance de l'hybride, laquelle restreindrait le flux gCnique interspkcifique naturel.

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“…Karyotypic features are systematically informative as morphological features [3,14,34]. The data on chromosome numbers and comparative karyology can be used to understand genome constitution in different species or in morphologically diverse populations within a species [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotaxonomic investigations to assess diversity and evolution in Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae)

Anil

Beevy

Siril

2014

Nucleus

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Karyomorphological studies in twenty five accessions of Amorphophallus collected from four biogeographic zones of India comprising of seven wild species and 18 morphotypes and wild relatives of A. paeoniifolius revealed differences in chromosome numbers. Three chromosome numbers viz., 2n=28 for all the A. paeoniifolius accessions, A. dubius, A. smithsonianus and A. sylvaticus; 2n=26 for A. bonaccordensis, A. hohenackeri and A. commutatus; and 2n=3×=39 for A. bulbifer were recorded. Based on karyological characters, a scheme for the evolution of chromosome number in the species of Amorphophallus was framed. Zarco's asymmetry indices revealed that the accessions T2 (A. bonaccordensis) and T3 (A. smithsonianus) are the more evolved species in terms of karyotype symmetry. According to the classification of Stebbins, A. bonaccordensis included in 3B category was the most asymmetrical and hence considered as most evolved. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius var. campanulatus with A1=0.40-0.43 appeared to be more evolved than A. paeoniifolius var. paeoniifolius based on Zarco's asymmetry indices. Slight differences observed in the A 1 values (0.1714-0.37) in the accessions of A. paeoniifolius var. paeoniifolius demonstrate the close relationship of the accessions. Among the A. paeoniifolius accessions, TF% varied between 35.34 % (GJ) to 43.6 % (K3-1) with TF% of 37.64 in T10. Taxa with asymmetric karyotype tend to have low TF% and accordingly cv. Gajendra (GJ) and cv.karunaikizhangu (T10) (both A. paeoniifolius var. campanulatus) having low TF% can be considered as highly evolved among the A. paeoniifolius accessions. UPGMA clustering based on five karyotypic parameters namely total chromosome length (TCL), average chromosome length (ACL), chromosome number, TF% and ratio of longest chromosome (LC) to shortest chromosome (SC) of the complement revealed two principal clusters at a Euclidean distance of 1.3 and such clustering pattern is in tune with the morphological data which leads to make a valid assumption that A. dubius may be the immediate ancestor of cultivated forms.

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Karyotypic Studies in Solanum Section Basarthrum (Solanaceae)

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Karyotypic studies in the genusEchinocereus(Cactaceae) and their taxonomic significance

Karyotypic studies in the genusEchinocereus(Cactaceae) and their taxonomic significance

The hybrid nature of Lycium ciliatum × cestroides (Solanaceae): experimental, anatomical, and cytological evidence

Cytotaxonomic investigations to assess diversity and evolution in Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae)

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