Cytosolic ratio of malate dehyrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase activity in peripheral leukocytes of race horses with training

Arai, Toshiro; Hosoya, M.; Nakamura, Masako; Magoori, E.; Uematsu, Yosuke; Sako, Toshinori

doi:10.1053/rvsc.2002.0558

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1999) and an increase in M/L ratio is observed in tissues that capture energy more efficiently (Arai et al 2002). In the leukocytes of type 1 diabetic dogs and cats with insulin deficiency, the M/L ratio decreased significantly reflecting depression of liver function (Magori et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes in metabolite, energy metabolism related enzyme activities and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Populations in beef heifers with two differing liveweight change profiles in New Zealand

et al. 2007

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Metabolite and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations, energy metabolism related enzymes activities and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations were measured in blood of pregnant Angus heifers with differing liveweight change profiles (gaining or losing), in New Zealand to investigate the meanings of those parameters in the restricted feeding beef heifers. Beef heifers losing liveweight (-412 g/day) showed significantly lower concentrations of plasma IRI, and higher concentrations of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) than heifers gaining liveweight (483 g/day). The cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities and MDH/lactate dehydrogenase (M/L) ratio in leukocytes of the liveweight losing heifers were significantly higher than those the liveweight gaining heifers. Percentages of cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 positive cells and natural killer (NK) cells in PBMC decreased significantly in the liveweight losing heifers compared to those in the liveweight gaining heifers. Plasma IRI and FFA concentrations, leukocyte cytosolic and mitochondrial MDH activities and CD3 positive and NK cell populations may be useful markers to evaluate metabolic conditions and immunity in the restricted feeding beef heifers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes in metabolite, energy metabolism related enzyme activities and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Populations in beef heifers with two differing liveweight change profiles in New Zealand

et al. 2007

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“…It was considered to reflect the elevation of energy metabolism in animal tissues. 62 Therefore, if MDH of leukocytes from the whole blood can be detected and combined with the level of lactate to evaluate the hypoxia and TCA cycle in sepsis and shock, it will be better than one in clinic. For example, the combination can reflect the feature of energy metabolism during septic shock, as the level of lactate and MDH is responsible for anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic oxidation, respectively.…”

Section: Is It Feasible To Detect Mdh In Clinic?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential biomarkers in septic shock besides lactate

Yang

Zhang

2020

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Septic shock can be defined as sepsis with persisting hypotension and is required for vasopressors after initial unsuccessful fluid resuscitation. Elevated lactate is a biomarker of tissue perfusion and oxygenation and a useful prognostic tool for resuscitation in septic shock, as it is a byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis due to inadequate oxygen delivery and tissue hypoxia. Early and serial systematic lactate measurement will prompt physician more rapid intervention and lactate normalization, which is associated with better outcome. However, lactate formation during septic shock is neither entirely related to tissue hypoxia, nor reversible by increasing oxygen delivery. Meanwhile, lactate can be oxidized via tricarboxylic acid cycle after being transferred into mitochondria via lactate shuttle, which indicates elevated lactate can be used rather than only accumulation. Glycolysis and elevated lactate can be initiated by hypoxia, but persistent hyperlactatemia may not only represent persistent hypoxia. Some other potential biomarkers have been reviewed in the article including intermediates of tricarboxylic acid cycle, malate-aspartate shuttle, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) ratio, NAD+, NADH, malate, and malate dehydrogenase from the point of view of energy metabolism. Among them, malate dehydrogenase participates in both malate-aspartate shuttle and tricarboxylic acid cycle, and it can also indirectly reflex the NAD+/NADH ratio. It is reasonable to hypothesize that the combination of lactate and malate dehydrogenase will be more comprehensive to reflex hypoxia in septic shock. Impact statement Elevated lactate has been commonly considered as a biomarker and a useful prognostic tool for resuscitation in septic shock, facilitating physician more rapid intervention and treatment. However, it can be initiated by hypoxia, but persistent hyperlactatemia may not represent persistent hypoxia only. In the article, it is the first time to review potential biomarkers in septic shock from the point of view of energy metabolism including intermediates of TCA cycle, MAS, the NAD+/NADH ratio, NAD+, NADH, malate, and MDH. And the combination of lactate and MDH is also proposed in septic shock for the first time, as MDH in cytoplasm and mitochondria participates in both MAS and TCA cycle for ATP generation. Its feasibility in clinic has been analyzed at the end, although related research is still limited. It is reasonable the combination of lactate and MDH will be more comprehensive to reflex hypoxia in septic shock.

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“…The isoenzyme patterns of LDH are variable in plasma and leukocytes of each animal species [24]. Activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in leukocytes are considered to reflect the metabolic states in animal tissues [2,3,24]. On the other hand, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations are different between dairy and beef cattle [12,15,20,22].…”

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“…High activities of LDH and MDH in the beef cattle plasma possibly suggest that energy metabolism is activated in livers of beef cattle. High ML ratio in leukocytes is considered to reflect elevation of energy metabolism, including ATP production, in various animal tissues [3,24]. Significant increase in the ML ratio was observed in leukocytes of race horse with continuous hard training [3] and tumor tissues with hyperplasia [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…High ML ratio in leukocytes is considered to reflect elevation of energy metabolism, including ATP production, in various animal tissues [3,24]. Significant increase in the ML ratio was observed in leukocytes of race horse with continuous hard training [3] and tumor tissues with hyperplasia [4]. On the other hand, the ML ratio is significantly decreased in leukocytes of diabetic dogs with insulin deficiency [5].…”

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Comparison of Enzyme Activities in Plasma and Leukocytes in Dairy and Beef Cattle

Arai

Inoue

Takeguchi

et al. 2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Concentrations of plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and free fatty acid (FFA) and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern in plasma and leukocytes were investigated in lactating Hols tein cows (dairy cattle) and fattening Japanese Black Wagyu x Holstein steers (beef cattle). IRI concentrations and LDH and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities in the plasma of beef cattle were significantly higher than those in dairy cattle. The cytosolic rat io of MDH/ LDH activity in the leukocytes of beef cattle was significantly higher than that of dairy cattle. These findings might be associated with the different energy metabolism between dairy and beef cattle. KEY WORDS: beef cattle, insulin, malate dehydrogenase.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 65(11): 1241-1243, 2003 It has been reported that activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism including ATP production in peripheral leukocytes are very variable in animal species [23,24]. In particular, activities of enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle, which has a very important role in the transfer from cytosolic NADH to mitochondrial NADH [13], change remarkably according to variation in energy metabolism of animals [2]. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a tetrameric molecule made up of four subunits of the two parent molecules, the H and M subunits, and each tissue has a characteristic composition of isoenzymes [8]. The isoenzyme patterns of LDH are variable in plasma and leukocytes of each animal species [24]. Activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in leukocytes are considered to reflect the metabolic states in animal tissues [2,3,24]. On the other hand, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations are different between dairy and beef cattle [12,15,20,22]. It has been reported that Japanese Black heifers have higher plasma insulin level at 18 mo of age than at or before 12 mo of age, whilst Holstein heifers have very similar values at all stages [19].In the present study, activities of enzymes in the malateaspartate shuttle and LDH and LDH isoenzyme pattern were determined in plasma and peripheral leukocytes of the lactating dairy cattle and the fattening beef cattle to clarify one aspect of the differences in energy metabolism between the dairy and beef cattle.Eight lactating dairy Holstein cows (5 to 8 years old) maintained with good quality hay and concentrates in the Fuji Animal Farm of our university and four fattening Japanese Black Wagyu × Holstein steers (2 years old) kept with high concentrate feed at a farm in Shimane Prefecture were used. Blood was withdrawn from the jugular vein into heparinized tubes, with the animals at rest and unfasted. The plasma was recovered by centrifugation at 4°C. Leukocytes were isolated by centrifugation with a lymphocyte-isolating solution (ICN Biochemical Inc., Aurora, OH, U.S.A.). Cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of leukocytes were prepared by the method described previously [23]. The activities of the enzymes were measured by using reported met...

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Cytosolic ratio of malate dehyrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase activity in peripheral leukocytes of race horses with training

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Changes in metabolite, energy metabolism related enzyme activities and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Populations in beef heifers with two differing liveweight change profiles in New Zealand

Changes in metabolite, energy metabolism related enzyme activities and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Populations in beef heifers with two differing liveweight change profiles in New Zealand

Potential biomarkers in septic shock besides lactate

Comparison of Enzyme Activities in Plasma and Leukocytes in Dairy and Beef Cattle

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