Changes in metabolite, energy metabolism related enzyme activities and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Populations in beef heifers with two differing liveweight change profiles in New Zealand

Abstract

Metabolite and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations, energy metabolism related enzymes activities and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations were measured in blood of pregnant Angus heifers with differing liveweight change profiles (gaining or losing), in New Zealand to investigate the meanings of those parameters in the restricted feeding beef heifers. Beef heifers losing liveweight (-412 g/day) showed significantly lower concentrations of plasma IRI, and higher concentrations of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) than heifers gaining liveweight (483 g/day). The cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities and MDH/lactate dehydrogenase (M/L) ratio in leukocytes of the liveweight losing heifers were significantly higher than those the liveweight gaining heifers. Percentages of cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 positive cells and natural killer (NK) cells in PBMC decreased significantly in the liveweight losing heifers compared to those in the liveweight gaining heifers. Plasma IRI and FFA concentrations, leukocyte cytosolic and mitochondrial MDH activities and CD3 positive and NK cell populations may be useful markers to evaluate metabolic conditions and immunity in the restricted feeding beef heifers.

Clinical and Diagnostic Significance of Lactate Dehydrogenase and Its Isoenzymes in Animals

“…e higher activity of plasma LDH may indicate slight liver damage by slightly acidotic conditions in these animals and accelerated function of liver for more nutrients' metabolism. Mori et al [27] measured several blood parameters of pregnant Angus heifers with differing liveweight change profiles (gaining or losing) to investigate their meanings in the restricted feeding beef heifers. ere were no significant differences found between the groups of animals in plasma LDH activities.…”

“…In addition to commonly used blood serum or plasma, LDH activities were also analysed in other body fluids of animals, e.g., synovial fluid [13], cerebrospinal fluid [14], milk [15,16], and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [17][18][19]. ere are many reports suggesting their use within experimental investigations, as well as in diagnosis of organ and metabolic diseases, for example, in cattle [3,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Metabolism Acutely Adapted to Postprandial Transition and Mainly Reflected Metabolic Adipose Tissue Adaptations to a High-Fat Diet in Minipigs

“…Previous studies showed for specific individual white cell populations (such as lymphocytes and macrophages), these rapidly dividing cells had all the necessary biochemical machinery to utilise the most abundant energy substrates, such as glucose, lipids, and some amino acids, particularly glutamine [ 8 ]. More recent studies based on enzyme activities carried out on dogs, cats, and cattle confirm that PBMCs have an active metabolism that could be similar to that of other organs [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. However, very little is known about PBMC metabolism in minipigs, as most of the studies are focused on immunological approaches.…”

Non‐targeted analyses of animal plasma: betaine and choline represent the nutritional and metabolic status

“…Plasma was collected from 18‐month‐old Angus heifers that were 90 days pregnant as previously described (Mori et al., 2008). The heifers were either offered restricted feeding ( n = 10) resulting in live‐weight loss or high levels of feeding ( n = 10) to achieve live‐weight gain from the day of artificial insemination to day 90 of pregnancy.…”