Non‐targeted analyses of animal plasma: betaine and choline represent the nutritional and metabolic status

Katayama, Kentaro; Sato, T.; Arai, Toshiro; Amao, Hiromi; Ohta, Yoshiyuki; Ozawa, Tomomi; Kenyon, P. R.; Tazaki, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01250.x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…One additional factor we considered as a cause of the observed changes in choline was plasma betaine status. Choline is metabolised to betaine, by the sequential action of choline dehydrogenase and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase [ 40 ]. However, the fact that there were no changes in plasma betaine with weight loss, and no association with changes in plasma choline concentrations, suggests that this was not the reasons for the differences observed in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of selected nutrients in obese dogs undergoing caloric restriction

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that dog plasma concentrations of selected nutrients decrease after undergoing caloric restriction for weight loss. Thirty-one overweight dogs that had successfully lost at least 15% of initial body weight were included in the study. Nutrients that had been previously identified to be at potential risk of deficiency during caloric restriction were measured in plasma (choline, amino acids) and urine (selenium) at the initiation and completion of a standardized weight loss regimen in dogs.ResultsDogs remained healthy throughout the study, and no signs attributable to nutrient deficiency were noted. Percentage weight loss was 28.3% (16.0-40.1%) starting body weight, over a period of 250 days (91–674 days). Median energy intake during the weight loss period was 62 (44 to 74) Kcal/kg0.75 target weight per day. Choline (P = 0.046) and threonine (P = 0.02) decreased after weight loss. Glycine (P = 0.041), and urinary selenium:creatinine ratio (P = 0.006) both increased after weight loss. There were no other significant differences in plasma nutrient concentrations.ConclusionsSince concentrations of most measured nutrients did not change significantly, the data are not consistent with widespread nutrient deficiency in dogs undergoing caloric restriction using a diet formulated for weight loss. However, the significance of the decrease in plasma choline concentration requires further assessment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of selected nutrients in obese dogs undergoing caloric restriction

et al. 2013

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“…It is a quantitative measurement of the time-related response of metabolites to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification (Nicholson et al, 2002). In this approach, biofluids or tissue samples are analysed using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or mass spectrometry (Dettmer et al, 2007) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (Pongsuwan et al, 2008), followed by pattern recognition statistics that includes principal components analysis (PCA) (Robertson et al, 2000) and the supervised projection to latent structures for discriminant analysis (Katayama et al, 2013). Proton ( 1 H)-NMR is well suited for metabolite profiling as it detects secondary metabolites as well as abundant primary metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of acute lipopolysaccharide challenge on dairy goat liver metabolism assessed with ¹HNMR metabonomics

Wang

Jia

Yang

et al. 2016

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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We investigated the mechanisms mediating hepatic metabolic responses to an acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in goats. Guanzhong dairy goats (15) were randomly divided into three groups: control (CTL, saline, 0.2 ml/kg BW), lower dose LPS (LPS-L, 20 μg/kg BW) and higher dose LPS (LPS-H, 40 μg/kg BW). All injections were administered intraperitoneally twice with a 24-h interval. Forty-eight hours after the first injection, blood samples were collected to extract plasma for biochemical analysis, and liver tissues were biopsied and stored in liquid nitrogen for metabonomics analysis. We found that plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin increased (p < 0.05) in both LPS-treated groups, whereas plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, total protein and albumin levels markedly decreased (p < 0.05). The increased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), levels of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 indicated hepatic injury and metabolic dysfunction in some degree. Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( H-NMR) metabonomics and the Chenomx NMR suite database, 69 metabolites were detected and identified. Metabolic differences among the groups were determined with pattern recognition analyses using principal component analysis and supervised projection to latent structures discriminant analysis. Pattern recognition analysis distinguished and clustered the metabolite variables from the three groups, finding nine of 69 metabolites that differed significantly between two of the three groups: six from the LPS-L or LPS-H groups differed from CTL and three differed between LPS-L and LPS-H groups. These altered metabolites were closely connected with glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways in hepatocytes. Based on an analysis of these metabolites and their relevant pathways, the mechanisms and degree of hepatic injury were deduced. Therefore, the metabolic profile was used effectively to detect characteristic hepatic metabolites, discriminate metabolic changes induced by LPS, clarify the mechanisms for the resulting metabolic dysfunctions and provide efficient information to diagnose liver injury.

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“…L-carnitine, similar to glycine betaine (betaine) in structure, belongs to the "betaines" group [17,18]. Betaine serves as an osmolyte to protect cell and protein from environmental stress, and a methyl group donor to homocysteine for synthesis of methionine [19,20]. Betaine insufficiency is attributable to the high risk factors of the metabolic abnormalities, obesity, diabetes, and vascular disease [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

Gut microbial-related metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and its precursor L-carnitine are associated with spontaneous preterm birth: a nested case-control study

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Gut microbiota has been proven to disease susceptibility and may lead to increased risk of preterm birth. To date, the link of gut microbial-related metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), L-carnitine, and betaine, with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) has not been established. This study aimed to investigate the association of TMAO, L-carnitine and betaine, with sPTB risk. Methods: A nested case-control study was designed including 129 sPTB cases and 258 controls based on Guangxi Birth Cohort Study. TMAO, L-carnitine, and betaine level in maternal serum were determined by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between maternal serum metabolites and sPTB. Stratified analyses were further conducted according to BMI and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Spline analyses were performed to explore the dose-response relationship between the metabolites and sPTB.Results: Statistically significant association with decreased sPTB risk was observed for the highest L-carnitine (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.95). In risk analyses stratified by BMI, similar results were observed in normal weight gravida (BMI: 18.5~23.9 kg/cm2). The significant subtype-specific association with TMAO (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.93) and L-carnitine (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.97) were observed for preterm labor but not PPROM. Spline regression analysis indicated non-linear associations with TMAO and sPTB risk (P for nonlinearity: 0.057). Significant associations of TMAO with sPTB were observed in normal weight gravida (P = 0.028) and preterm labor subtype (P = 0.025). No statistically significant associations with sPTB risk were observed for betaine (P > 0.05).Conclusions: TMAO and L-carnitine levels in maternal serum are inversely linked with sPTB risk. Discovery of the association between gut-microbiota initiated TMAO metabolism and sPTB may open new avenues for diagnose and therapy.

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Non‐targeted analyses of animal plasma: betaine and choline represent the nutritional and metabolic status

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Status of selected nutrients in obese dogs undergoing caloric restriction

Status of selected nutrients in obese dogs undergoing caloric restriction

The effects of acute lipopolysaccharide challenge on dairy goat liver metabolism assessed with ¹HNMR metabonomics

Gut microbial-related metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and its precursor L-carnitine are associated with spontaneous preterm birth: a nested case-control study

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Non‐targeted analyses of animal plasma: betaine and choline represent the nutritional and metabolic status

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Status of selected nutrients in obese dogs undergoing caloric restriction

Status of selected nutrients in obese dogs undergoing caloric restriction

The effects of acute lipopolysaccharide challenge on dairy goat liver metabolism assessed with 1HNMR metabonomics

Gut microbial-related metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and its precursor L-carnitine are associated with spontaneous preterm birth: a nested case-control study

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The effects of acute lipopolysaccharide challenge on dairy goat liver metabolism assessed with ¹HNMR metabonomics