Cytosolic Cysteine Synthase Switch Cysteine and Mimosine Production in Leucaena leucocephala

Harun-Ur-Rashid, Md.; Iwasaki, Hiromichi; Parveen, Shahanaz; Oogai, Shigeki; Fukuta, Masakazu; Hossain, Md. Amzad; Anai, Toyoaki; Oku, Hirosuke

doi:10.1007/s12010-018-2745-z

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Serine acetyl transferase [2.5.1.30] catalyzes a reaction to form O-acetyl-L-serine from serine and acetyl-CoA. Mimosine synthase [2.5.1.52] catalyzes a reaction of L-mimosine formation from O-acetyl-L-serine and 3,4-dihydroxypyridin (Figure 4) [92][93][94][95].…”

Section: Mimosinementioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Leucaenaleucocephala as an Invasive Plant Species

Kato‐Noguchi

Kurniadie

2022

Plants

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Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit is native to southern Mexico and Central America and is now naturalized in more than 130 countries. The spread of L. leucocephala is probably due to its multipurpose use such as fodder, timber, paper pulp, shade trees, and soil amendment. However, the species is listed in the world’s 100 worst invasive alien species, and an aggressive colonizer. It forms dense monospecific stands and threatens native plant communities, especially in oceanic islands. Phytotoxic chemical interactions such as allelopathy have been reported to play an important role in the invasion of several invasive plant species. Possible evidence for allelopathy of L. leucocephala has also been accumulated in the literature over 30 years. The extracts, leachates, root exudates, litter, decomposing residues, and rhizosphere soil of L. leucocephala increased the mortality and suppressed the germination and growth of several plant species, including weeds and woody plants. Those observations suggest that L. leucocephala is allelopathic and contains certain allelochemicals. Those allelochemicals may release into the rhizosphere soil during decomposition process of the plant residues and root exudation. Several putative allelochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and mimosine were identified in L. leucocephala. The species produces a large amount of mimosine and accumulates it in almost all parts of the plants, including leaves, stems, seeds, flowers, roots, and root nodules. The concentrations of mimosine in these parts were 0.11 to 6.4% of their dry weight. Mimosine showed growth inhibitory activity against several plant species, including some woody plants and invasive plants. Mimosine blocked cell division of protoplasts from Petunia hybrida hort. ex E. Vilm. between G1 and S phases, and disturbed the enzyme activity such as peroxidase, catalase, and IAA oxidase. Some of those identified compounds in L. leucocephala may be involved in its allelopathy. Therefore, the allelopathic property of L. leucocephala may support its invasive potential and formation of dense monospecific stands. However, the concentrations of mimosine, phenolic acids, and flavonoids in the vicinity of L. leucocephala, including its rhizosphere soil, have not yet been reported.

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Section: Mimosinementioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Leucaenaleucocephala as an Invasive Plant Species

Kato‐Noguchi

Kurniadie

2022

Plants

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“…The Mimosa pudica Mill enzyme has similar properties: the cloned cytosolic OASTL 1275 bp long cDNA expressed in E. coli , but enzyme produced cystein only [270]. Harun-Ur-Rashid et al [271] was the first to obtain the enzyme involved in the synthesis of mimosine. They cloned the 1275 bp long cDNA for cytosolic Cy-OASTL from Leucaena leucocephala , and the resulting enzyme showed a dual function of cysteine and mimosine synthesis.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Allelochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They cloned the 1275 bp long cDNA for cytosolic Cy-OASTL from Leucaena leucocephala , and the resulting enzyme showed a dual function of cysteine and mimosine synthesis. Since the apparent kcat for Cys production is more than six times higher than for the synthesis of mimosin, and the apparent Km is 3.7 times lower, it is likely that for this enzyme synthesis Cys is the preferred route [271].…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Allelochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

…Fell Upas Sits, the Hydra-Tree of Death †, or the Phytotoxicity of Trees

2019

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The use of natural products that can serve as natural herbicides and insecticides is a promising direction because of their greater safety for humans and environment. Secondary metabolites of plants that are toxic to plants and insects—allelochemicals—can be used as such products. Woody plants can produce allelochemicals, but they are studied much less than herbaceous species. Meanwhile, there is a problem of interaction of woody species with neighboring plants in the process of introduction or invasion, co-cultivation with agricultural crops (agroforestry) or in plantation forestry (multiclonal or multispecies plantations). This review describes woody plants with the greatest allelopathic potential, allelochemicals derived from them, and the prospects for their use as biopesticides. In addition, the achievement of and the prospects for the use of biotechnology methods in relation to the allelopathy of woody plants are presented and discussed.

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“…Therefore, it is desirable to reduce mimosine concentrations in leucaena through inter-varietal and inter-species crosses, and selection. Recently, two key genes that are responsible for synthesis and breakdown of mimosine have been identified; they are mimosine synthase and mimosinase, respectively ( Negi et al, 2014 ; Harun-Ur-Rashid et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Analyses of Genes Related to Fodder Qualities in Giant Leucaena Under Different Stress Environments

2022

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Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata (giant leucaena) is a tree legume, whose foliage is used as a fodder for animals because of its high protein content. In spite of being a highly nutritious fodder, giant leucaena foliage has two undesirable secondary metabolites, mimosine and tannin. The amounts of mimosine and tannin in giant leucaena foliage are known to vary under different environmental conditions. Giant leucaena was grown under different salinity, pH and nitrogen availability conditions. It produced the highest amounts of mimosine at pH 6.0–7.0, whereas, variation in soil pH did not affect tannin concentrations. Salinity stress had negative effects on both mimosine and tannin concentrations, while nitrogen abundance promoted both mimosine and tannin production. Seven genes for mimosine and tannin metabolism were isolated from a transcriptome library of giant leucaena. These were mimosine synthase, mimosinase, chalcone synthase, flavanone 3β-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol reductase, leucoanthocyanidin reductase, and anthocyanidin reductase. The highest level of mimosine synthase activity was observed in the absence of salt in the soils. Mimosine synthase activities had strong positive correlation with mimosine concentrations in the foliage (R2 = 0.78) whereas mimosinase expression did not appear to have a direct relationship with salt concentrations. The expression of mimosine synthase was significantly higher in the leucaena foliage under nitrogen abundant condition than in nitrogen deficiency conditions, while mimosinase expression was significantly higher under nitrogen deficiency condition than in nitrogen abundance conditions. Mimosine concentrations in the foliage were positively correlated with the expression levels of mimosine synthase but not mimosinase. Similarly, the concentrations of tannin were positively correlated with expression levels of dihydroflavonol reductase, leucoanthocyanidin reductase, and anthocyanidin reductase. Understanding of the environmental conditions that promote or inhibit transcription of the genes for mimosine and tannin biosynthesis should help to design environmental conditions that inhibit transcription of these genes, resulting in reduced levels of these compounds in the leucaena foliage.

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Cytosolic Cysteine Synthase Switch Cysteine and Mimosine Production in Leucaena leucocephala

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Leucaenaleucocephala as an Invasive Plant Species

Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Leucaenaleucocephala as an Invasive Plant Species

…Fell Upas Sits, the Hydra-Tree of Death †, or the Phytotoxicity of Trees

Transcriptional Analyses of Genes Related to Fodder Qualities in Giant Leucaena Under Different Stress Environments

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