Cytoskeleton and plant organogenesis

Kost, Benedikt; Yue, Baozeng; Chua, Nam‐Hai

doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1090

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Given the enzymes present in these organelles, this intracellular compartmentalization appears be essential for the efficient operation of the system. The data from this study, showing the close interaction between cytoskeletal components and organelles, support other recent studies suggesting that these cellular arrays are essential structures for numerous plant intracellular transport activities, such as macromolecule trafficking, metabolic channeling, and signaling (Kost et al, 2002;Chuong et al, 2004;Wasteneys and Yang, 2004). The evidence presented here indicates that the cytoskeleton, especially microtubules, is required for the structural integrity of the unique compartmentalization required for the single-cell C 4 systems and also is likely involved in establishing the biochemical polarity, through trafficking of molecular species to the appropriate compartment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Cytoskeleton Maintains Organelle Partitioning Required for Single-Cell C4 Photosynthesis in Chenopodiaceae Species

2006

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Recently, three Chenopodiaceae species, Bienertia cycloptera, Bienertia sinuspersici, and Suaeda aralocaspica, were shown to possess novel C 4 photosynthesis mechanisms through the compartmentalization of organelles and photosynthetic enzymes into two distinct regions within a single chlorenchyma cell. Bienertia has peripheral and central compartments, whereas S. aralocaspica has distal and proximal compartments. This compartmentalization achieves the equivalent of spatial separation of Kranz anatomy, including dimorphic chloroplasts, but within a single cell. To characterize the mechanisms of organelle compartmentalization, the distribution of the major organelles relative to the cytoskeleton was examined. Examination of the distribution of the cytoskeleton using immunofluorescence studies and transient expression of green fluorescent protein-tagged cytoskeleton markers revealed a highly organized network of actin filaments and microtubules associating with the chloroplasts and showed that the two compartments in each cell had different cytoskeletal arrangements. Experiments using cytoskeleton-disrupting drugs showed in Bienertia and S. aralocaspica that microtubules are critical for the polarized positioning of chloroplasts and other organelles. Compartmentalization of the organelles in these species represents a unique system in higher plants and illustrates the degree of control the plant cell has over the organization and integration of multiorganellar processes within its cytoplasm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Cytoskeleton Maintains Organelle Partitioning Required for Single-Cell C4 Photosynthesis in Chenopodiaceae Species

2006

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“…AFs are involved in the regulation of vacuolar dynamics67. The AF stabilizing agent may inhibit the vacuole fusion of cells, resulting in the inhibition of stomatal opening41.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between vacuolation and initiation of PCD in rice (Oryza sativa) aleurone cells

Zheng

Zhang

Deng

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Vacuole fusion is a necessary process for the establishment of a large central vacuole, which is the central location of various hydrolytic enzymes and other factors involved in death at the beginning of plant programmed cell death (PCD). In our report, the fusion of vacuoles has been presented in two ways: i) small vacuoles coalesce to form larger vacuoles through membrane fusion, and ii) larger vacuoles combine with small vacuoles when small vacuoles embed into larger vacuoles. Regardless of how fusion occurs, a large central vacuole is formed in rice (Oryza sativa) aleurone cells. Along with the development of vacuolation, the rupture of the large central vacuole leads to the loss of the intact plasma membrane and the degradation of the nucleus, resulting in cell death. Stabilizing or disrupting the structure of actin filaments (AFs) inhibits or promotes the fusion of vacuoles, which delays or induces PCD. In addition, the inhibitors of the vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) and cathepsin B (CathB) block the occurrence of the large central vacuole and delay the progression of PCD in rice aleurone layers. Overall, our findings provide further evidence for the rupture of the large central vacuole triggering the PCD in aleruone layers.

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“…The subapical alkaline domain resulting from the activity of H þ -ATPase pumps in this region may have a direct influence on cytoskeleton dynamics, which is crucially involved in polar growth (Kost et al, 2002). Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/ cofilin and gelsolin/villin are examples of two candidate pHdependent direct cytoskeleton modulators.…”

Section: Polarization Of Proton Fluxes Is Underpinned By An Asymmetrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Exclusion of a Proton ATPase from the Apical Membrane Is Associated with Cell Polarity and Tip Growth inNicotiana tabacumPollen Tubes

et al. 2008

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Polarized growth in pollen tubes results from exocytosis at the tip and is associated with conspicuous polarization of Ca2+, H+, K+, and Cl− -fluxes. Here, we show that cell polarity in Nicotiana tabacum pollen is associated with the exclusion of a novel pollen-specific H+-ATPase, Nt AHA, from the growing apex. Nt AHA colocalizes with extracellular H+ effluxes, which revert to influxes where Nt AHA is absent. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis showed that Nt AHA moves toward the apex of growing pollen tubes, suggesting that the major mechanism of insertion is not through apical exocytosis. Nt AHA mRNA is also excluded from the tip, suggesting a mechanism of polarization acting at the level of translation. Localized applications of the cation ionophore gramicidin A had no effect where Nt AHA was present but acidified the cytosol and induced reorientation of the pollen tube where Nt AHA was absent. Transgenic pollen overexpressing Nt AHA-GFP developed abnormal callose plugs accompanied by abnormal H+ flux profiles. Furthermore, there is no net flux of H+ in defined patches of membrane where callose plugs are to be formed. Taken together, our results suggest that proton dynamics may underlie basic mechanisms of polarity and spatial regulation in growing pollen tubes.

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Cytoskeleton and plant organogenesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 143 publications

The Cytoskeleton Maintains Organelle Partitioning Required for Single-Cell C4 Photosynthesis in Chenopodiaceae Species

The Cytoskeleton Maintains Organelle Partitioning Required for Single-Cell C4 Photosynthesis in Chenopodiaceae Species

The relationship between vacuolation and initiation of PCD in rice (Oryza sativa) aleurone cells

Exclusion of a Proton ATPase from the Apical Membrane Is Associated with Cell Polarity and Tip Growth inNicotiana tabacumPollen Tubes

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