Nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia (NHMH) is a pathologic entity that has not been well characterized in the cytopathology literature. This is unfortunate because if unrecognized, NHMH may be misdiagnosed when encountered in cytology specimens. The aim of this communication is to accordingly alert cytologists about NHMH by means of an illustrative case report.cytomorphology, nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia A 51-year-old male patient, who never smoked and had no significant past medical history, presented with left sided chest pain. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of his chest revealed a large 13.4 Â 11.5 Â 16.0 cm heterogeneous pleural-based mass with an associated