Cytomegalovirus DNA among children attending two day‐care centers in Tokyo

Kashiwagi, Yasuyo; Nemoto, Satoshi; Hisashi,; Kawashima,; Takekuma, Kouji; Matsuno, Tetsuhiko; Hoshika, Akinori; Nozaki-Renard, Junko

doi:10.1046/j.1442-200x.2001.01433.x

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Multiple studies have documented the fact that virus can be excreted in saliva and urine long after resolution of primary infection and in breast milk during successive pregnancies and lactations (3,8,13,15,20,22,24,29,39,41). An individual who sheds virus could expose pregnant women without preconceptional immunity to HCMV who are most susceptible to the consequences of horizontal transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine-Induced Control of Viral Shedding following Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Challenge in Rhesus Macaques

Abel

Martinez

Yue

et al. 2011

J Virol

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The use of animal models of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is critical to refine HCMV vaccine candidates. Previous reports have demonstrated that immunization of rhesus monkeys against rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) can reduce both local and systemic replication of RhCMV following experimental RhCMV challenge. These studies used prime/boost combinations of DNA expression plasmids alone or DNA priming and boosting with either inactivated virion particles or modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the same antigens. Viral outcomes included reduced RhCMV replication at the site of subcutaneous inoculation and RhCMV viremia following intravenous inoculation. Since shedding of cytomegalovirus from mucosal surfaces is critical for horizontal transmission of the virus, DNA priming/MVA boosting was evaluated for the ability to reduce oral shedding of RhCMV following subcutaneous challenge. Of six rhesus monkeys vaccinated exclusively against RhCMV glycoprotein B (gB), phosphoprotein 65 (pp65), and immediate-early 1 (IE1), half showed viral loads in saliva that were lower than those of control monkeys by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. Further, there was a strong association of memory pp65 T cell responses postchallenge in animals exhibiting the greatest reduction in oral shedding. These results highlight the fact that a DNA/MVA vaccination regimen can achieve a notable reduction in a critical parameter of viral replication postchallenge. The recently completed clinical trial of a gB subunit vaccine in which the rate of HCMV infection was reduced by 50% in the individuals receiving the vaccine is consistent with the results of this study suggesting that additional immunogens are likely essential for maximum protection in an outbred human population.The nearly 40-year quest for a vaccine that confers protective efficacy against congenital infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains unmet, although considerable progress has been made. Complexities in HCMV's natural history, incompletely defined correlates of immune protection, and financial and logistical factors in designing sufficiently powered clinical trials all contribute to the absence of a licensed HCMV vaccine(s). Animal model studies with rhesus monkey, mouse, and guinea pig systems have demonstrated that multiple vaccine strategies, including approaches based on those proposed for HCMV, are effective at limiting the extent of challenge virus replication. Immunization of HCMV-negative women with recombinant gB has been clinically evaluated (50,51). A recently completed phase II trial assessed the efficacy of the vaccine to decrease cases of maternal HCMV infection (34). The endpoint of this study was the time to HCMV infection (50, 51), and the trial ended earlier than planned because vaccine efficacy exceeded goals. The results offer strong encouragement that vaccination regimes directed at prominent neutralizing epitopes can significantly decrease the rate of primary infection in HCMV-negative women. The impressive, but less than 100%, level ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine-Induced Control of Viral Shedding following Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Challenge in Rhesus Macaques

Abel

Martinez

Yue

et al. 2011

J Virol

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“…Even if DCCs were chosen to represent at best the various aspects of DCCs (urban vs. rural, high, average or small capacities), they may not represent the average French prevalence of CMV shedding. Kashiwagi described a 22.2% prevalence in 54 children from 2 DCCs in Tokyo (Japan) but without significant difference between both DCCs [10]. However in 1986, Murph et al [24] showed CMV prevalence of up to 71% in toddlers of DCCs, with viruses of the same genotypes circulating in the rest of the population of the same age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors responsible for differences in CMV shedding between toddlers have not been fully determined [7][8][9]. Using culture or qualitative PCR detection, previous studies were not able to quantify viral shedding in toddler's saliva or to study viral populations [6][7][8][10][11][12]. well known in adults [13][14][15] or preterm infants [16,17], but less is known about infection of toddlers [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cytomegalovirus quantification in toddlers saliva from day care centers and emergency unit: A feasibility study

Grosjean

Trapes

Hantz

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical Virology

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CMV can be acquired congenitally, by close interpersonal contact (sexual or nonsexual), by transfusion, and by transplantation. A recent Japanese study demonstrated an increased seroprevalence in children enrolled in day care (14).Primary CMV infections are usually mild in children and adults. However, congenital infections often lead to major morbidity (38).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nasal Peptide Vaccination Elicits CD8 Responses and Reduces Viral Burden after Challenge with Virulent Murine Cytomegalovirus

Gopal

Quinn

Henry³

et al. 2005

Microbiology and Immunology

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Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), is prevalent in all geographic locations. Its prevalence rises gradually with age. CMV infects between 50 and 85% of American adults by 40 years of age (33). In pregnant Japanese women, the prevalence was 68% in women under 25 and 86% in women over 40 (21). CMV can be acquired congenitally, by close interpersonal contact (sexual or nonsexual), by transfusion, and by transplantation. A recent Japanese study demonstrated an increased seroprevalence in children enrolled in day care (14).Primary CMV infections are usually mild in children and adults. However, congenital infections often lead to major morbidity (38). Reactivation CMV disease is common in immunocompromised populations. In the absence of suppressive therapy, CMV causes reactivation disease in over half of patients who receive solid organ transplants (33). A Japanese series identified CMV as the most prevalent infection in AIDS patients, found in 74% at autopsy (22). CMV retinitis in AIDS patients often leads to blindness.There is no approved human CMV vaccine. Human vaccines could theoretically be targeted to the prevention of horizontal or vertical infection (31), to the reduction of disease after primary infection, or to the prevention of reactivation disease in persons with latent CMV infection. A vaccine to prevent reactivation disease could be administered selectively to identified high risk groups including transplant recipients and persons Nasal Peptide Vaccination Elicits

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Cytomegalovirus DNA among children attending two day‐care centers in Tokyo

Abstract: We suspected that in each day-care center that there was one prevailing viral strain. We suppose that CMV infections were acquired inside the day-care centres. This is a first report which described viral transmission in day-care centres in Japan.

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Vaccine-Induced Control of Viral Shedding following Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Challenge in Rhesus Macaques

Vaccine-Induced Control of Viral Shedding following Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Challenge in Rhesus Macaques

Human cytomegalovirus quantification in toddlers saliva from day care centers and emergency unit: A feasibility study

Nasal Peptide Vaccination Elicits CD8 Responses and Reduces Viral Burden after Challenge with Virulent Murine Cytomegalovirus

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