Human cytomegalovirus quantification in toddlers saliva from day care centers and emergency unit: A feasibility study

Grosjean, Jérôme; Trapes, Laurène; Hantz, Sébastien; Mengelle, Catherine; Virey, B.; Undreiner, F.; Messager, V.; Denis, François; Marin, Benoît; Alain, Sophie

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2014.07.020

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We did not have CD4 levels, and these can affect milk secretion of CMV, as shown in studies of only HIV-positive mothers in Kenya [27], and may have contributed to varying HCMV levels in the HIV-positive mothers. We did not include day care status as a possible source for infant transmission via saliva [40]; however, in Zambia, infant day care is minimal to nonexistent. Other HCMV secretory routes, particularly saliva and also urinary [41] from siblings, can affect transmission, and 50% of infants became HCMV seropositive from HIV-positive women who did not breastfeed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Cytomegalovirus Secretion and Risks of Infant Infection by Breastfeeding Duration From Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Compared to Negative Mothers in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2016

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BackgroundBreastfeeding imparts beneficial immune protection and nutrition to infants for healthy growth, but it is also a route for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. In previous studies, we showed that HCMV adversely affects infant development in Africa, particularly with maternal HIV exposure. In this study, we analyzed infants risks for acquisition of HCMV infection from breastfeeding and compared HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers.MethodsTwo cohorts were studied in Zambia. (1) Two hundred sixty-one HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mothers were compared for HCMV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) loads and genotypes (glycoprotein gO) in milk from birth to 4 months postpartum. (2) Maternally HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants were compared for HCMV infection risk factors. The second cohort of 460 infants, from a trial of micronutrient-fortified complementary-food to breastfeeding, were studied between 6 and 18 months of age. Human cytomegalovirus seroprevalence was assayed, and logistic regression was used to calculate risk factors for HCMV infection, including maternal HIV exposure and breastfeeding duration.ResultsHuman cytomegalovirus was detected in breast milk from 3 days to 4 months postpartum, with significantly raised levels in HIV-positive women and independent of genotype. In infants, HCMV antibody seroprevalence was 83% by 18 months age. Longer breastfeeding duration increased infection risk in maternally HIV-unexposed (odds ratio [OR] = 2.69 for 18 months vs <12 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84–8.59; P = .03) and HIV-exposed infants (OR = 20.37 for >6 months vs never; 95% CI, 3.71–111.70; P < .001).ConclusionsProlonged breastfeeding, which is common in Africa, increased risk of HCMV infection in infants. Both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women had extended milk HCMV secretion. Women who were HIV-positive secreted higher HCMV levels, and for longer duration, with their children at increased infection risk. Human cytomegalovirus control is required to maintain health benefits of breastfeeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Cytomegalovirus Secretion and Risks of Infant Infection by Breastfeeding Duration From Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Compared to Negative Mothers in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2016

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“…After review of titles and abstracts regarding suitability for inclusion, 27/894 studies were included, with one additional study identified from reference lists (Figure ). Of the 28 included studies, involving a total study population of 8347 children, 9/28 were case‐control studies with 1824 children attending DCCs and 3477 controls (Table ) . Of these, 1/9 publications also reported two uncontrolled cross‐sectional studies involving 20 and 40 subjects, respectively (Table ) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus infection in day care centres: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prevalence of infection in children

Zheng

Huynh

Zuylen

et al. 2018

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Maternofetal transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital malformation in developed countries. Maternal infection often results from close contact with infected children, and this may occur in day care centres (DCCs). A systematic review of observational studies was conducted to examine the prevalence of CMV infection among children attending DCCs. Meta‐analysis using the random effect model was performed for studies including controls. Sources included PubMed, EMBASE (until August 2018), and references from identified publications. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting CMV infection prevalence among childcare children aged less than 7 years of age. Controls were children without childcare exposure. CMV infection was defined as viral excretion detected by culture, polymerase chain reaction, or CMV seropositivity. Twenty‐eight publications including 8347 participants met the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of CMV infection among children in childcare from all studies was 32% (95% CI 23‐41). Within case‐controlled studies, prevalence among children attending DCCs was 34% (95% CI 25‐44), whereas prevalence among those without childcare exposure was 22% (95% CI 15‐30). Meta‐analysis showed a significant association between DCC attendance and CMV infection (odds ratio 2.69, 95% CI 1.68‐4.30; heterogeneity χ2/df = 8; I2 = 84%, P < 0.00001). Attendance at DCCs is significantly associated with increased risk of childhood CMV infection. Prevention strategies to reduce risk of CMV infection of pregnant women and children should involve review of DCC exposure and consideration of preventative hygiene strategies.

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“…Установлена динамика показателей виру-совыделения для слюны и мочи: количество поло-жительных образцов на первом месяце жизни мини-мально (4-6%), увеличивается к 6 мес до 44-56%, затем снижается до 22% к 12-месячному возрасту, да-лее опять определяется увеличение до 40-60% в воз-расте 2 лет с тенденцией к плавному последующему снижению с течением времени (5-10% в возрасте 5 лет и старше). Первый пик вирусовыделения связан, скорее всего, с первичным инфицированием, тог-да как второй -демонстрирует состояние реинфек-ции [34]. Продолжительность детекции вируса в слюне и моче может исчисляться десятками месяцев, а также, возможно, может быть прерывистой.…”

Section: обзоры литературыunclassified

“…Установлено, что низ-кий индекс авидности коррелирует с повышени-ем вирусной нагрузки в слюне и ранним возрастом, что согласуется с предположением о большей ве-роятности первичной цитомегаловирусной инфек-ции у детей младшего возраста [34]. В исследовании J. Nijman и соавт.…”

Section: обзоры литературыunclassified

On the Possibilities of Laboratory Verification of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Children

Пермякова¹,

Lvova²,

Pospelova³

2017

Ross. vestn. perinatol. pediatr.

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Human cytomegalovirus quantification in toddlers saliva from day care centers and emergency unit: A feasibility study

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

Increased Cytomegalovirus Secretion and Risks of Infant Infection by Breastfeeding Duration From Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Compared to Negative Mothers in Sub-Saharan Africa

Increased Cytomegalovirus Secretion and Risks of Infant Infection by Breastfeeding Duration From Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Compared to Negative Mothers in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cytomegalovirus infection in day care centres: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prevalence of infection in children

On the Possibilities of Laboratory Verification of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Children

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