Cytological Study in Tulipa gesneriana and T. fosteriana

Sayama, H.; Moue, Takehiko; Nishimura, Yonehachi

doi:10.1270/jsbbs1951.32.26

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Tulips have been subjected to considerable cytogenetic studies with regard to chromosome number (Bamford et al 1939;Sayama et al 1982;Van Raamsdonk and De Vries 1995), chromosome morphology (Upcott and La Cour 1936;Sayama et al 1982;Wafai and Koul 1981a, b, 1983Van Raamsdonk and De Vries 1995;Marasek et al 2006) and chromosome banding (Filion 1974;Blakey and Vosa 1982;Van Raamsdonk and De Vries 1995). The basic chromosome number in the genus Tulipa is x = 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of intergenomic recombination through GISH analysis of F1, BC1 and BC2 progenies of Tulipa gesneriana and T. fosteriana

Marasek-Ciołakowska

Bijman

et al. 2012

Plant Syst Evol

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Using 23 F1 hybrids, 14 BC1 and 32 BC2 progenies, the genome composition of Darwin hybrid tulips was analysed through genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) of somatic chromosomes. All plants were diploids (2n = 2x = 24) with the exception of one tetraploid BC1 (2n = 4x = 48) and one aneuploid BC2 (2n = 2x ? 1 = 25) hybrid. Morphometric analysis in F1 hybrids revealed a difference in the total length of chromosomes representing genomes of T. gesneriana and T. fosteriana, where the percentage of each genome equaled 55.18 ± 0.8 and 44.92 ± 0.6% respectively. GISH distinguished chromosomes from both parent genomes although there was a lack of consistent chromosome labelling in some cases. In both T. gesneriana and T. fosteriana chromosomes some segments of heterochromatin in the telomeric and intercalary regions exhibited a higher intensity of fluorescence. In situ hybridisation with 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA probes to metaphase chromosomes of F1 hybrids showed that these regions are rich in rDNA. A notable feature was that, despite genome differences, there was a considerable amount of intergenomic recombination between the parental chromosomes of the two species as estimated in both BC1 and BC2 offspring. The number of recombinant chromosomes ranged from 3 to 8 in BC1 and from 1 to 7 in BC2 progenies. All recombinant chromosomes possessed mostly a single recombinant segment derived from either a single crossover event or in a few cases double crossover events. This explains the fact that, unlike the situation in most F1 hybrids of other plant species, certain genotypes of Darwin hybrid tulips behave like normal diploid plants producing haploid gametes and give rise to mostly diploid sporophytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Karyotypes have been analysed for many Tulipa species and varieties (Upcott and La Cour 1936;Sayama et al 1982;Wafai and Koul 1981a, b, 1983Van Raamsdonk and De Vries 1995). However, the similarity of the length and morphology and lack of distinct chromosomal landmarks make chromosome identification difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of intergenomic recombination through GISH analysis of F1, BC1 and BC2 progenies of Tulipa gesneriana and T. fosteriana

Marasek-Ciołakowska

Bijman

et al. 2012

Plant Syst Evol

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“…form a diploid endosperm To address whether Tulipa spp. form a pentaploid endosperm typical of Fritillaria-type plants or a diploid endosperm reported by Pechenitsyn (1972) and Sayama et al (1982), the chromosome number of the endosperm in seeds derived from 2x 9 2x crosses was counted. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Correlation Between Chromosome Number and Nuclear Dna Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Pechenitsyn (1972) and Sayama et al (1982) reported that the Fritillaria-type species of Tulipa (2n = 2x = 24) Fig. 1 Female gametophyte development of Polygonum-type, Fritillaria-type and exceptional T. gesneriana-type embryo sacs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pechenitsyn (1972) observed that the chalazal polar nucleus (triploid) is depressed and suggested that it does not take part in endosperm formation by triple fusion. Alternatively, Sayama et al (1982) suggested that, in addition to this mechanism, the diploid endosperm could form through the parthenogenic growth of a single 2x polar nucleus at the chalazal end of the exceptional T. gesneriana-type embryo sac. To confirm which mode of endosperm formation occurs in T. gesneriana, it is necessary to examine whether a sperm and the polar nucleus fuse in the endosperm of tulips.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diploid endosperm formation in Tulipa spp. and identification of a 1:1 maternal-to-paternal genome ratio in endosperms of T. gesneriana L.

et al. 2008

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Most Liliaceae plants have the tetrasporic Fritillaria-type embryo sac and normally form diploid embryos and pentaploid endosperms derived from a 4:1 maternal-to-paternal genome ratio (4m:1p) after double fertilization. Here we characterize embryo sac and endosperm formation in Tulipa spp. of Liliaceae. Chromosome analysis using seeds derived from 2x x 2x crosses of Tulipa gesneriana (2n = 2x = 24) identified diploid chromosome number in the endosperm. Similarly, flow cytometric analysis confirmed diploid endosperm formation in T. gesneriana, T. fosteriana (2n = 2x = 24) and T. greigii (2n = 2x = 24). To further study the possible mechanism of diploid endosperm formation, we made interploidy crosses of triploid (2n = 3x = 36) x diploid in which aneuploid seeds with various chromosome numbers (2n = 25-36) were produced. Again, flow cytometric analysis confirmed the same ploidy level in both embryos and endosperms at all aneuploidy levels, suggesting that only a single haploid polar nucleus contributes to endosperm formation at fertilization. Histological observation further confirmed the physical separation of two polar nuclei by a large vacuole in the Fritillaria-type embryo sac of T. gesneriana that appeared to prevent the fusion of the two polar nuclei that originated at the micropylar and chalazal ends before fertilization. Taken together, these results indicate that diploid endosperms (1m:1p) are normally formed in Tulipa spp. by fusion of the micropylar polar nucleus (n) and a spermatid (n) but not by normal triple fusion. We also show that tulip endosperm partially overcomes the triploid block mechanism that occurs in interploidy crosses. Based on these observations, the possible role of triple nuclear fusion in double fertilization is discussed.

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