Cytological effects of pesticides. XVI Effect of the insecticide rotenone on root-mitosis of Vicia faba.

Abstract

Rotenone (1) is a component of the roots of several plant species: Derris ellip tica, Lonchocarpus utilis, L. urucu (Haley 1978) and Millettia pachycarpa (Singhal et al. 1982). Derris and cube resins have been approved for use as insecticides on fruits, vegetables, and forage crops and for indoor and outdoor use to control various pests, including mosquitos and their larvae (EPA 1972). Derris roots have been used for clearing ponds of fish (Chowdhury et al. 1981). Rotenone has also an antifeedant effect to stored-product insects (Noack and Schmidt 1981).The effect of rotenone on mammalian cells has been studied on: Chinese ham ster cultured cells (Meisner and Sorensen 1966, Barham and Brinkley 1976 a,b) and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells cultured in vitro (Loffier and Schneider 1982). Rotenone has been shown to be tumorigenic in the rat (Gosalvez and Merchan 1973), and EPA has scheduled a reevaluation of its possible hazards to man and the environ ment (Anon 1978). Sandhu and Waters (1980) in their review on some chemical pesticides reported that rotenone is a potent spindle tubule poison, and suggested an evaluation of its mutagenicity.In the present study, the effect of rotenone on the mitosis of Vicia faba root tips has been investigated. Materials and methodsVicia faba seeds of the same season (V. Giza 1) and rotenone3 were used in the present study. Two types of treatment were conducted: a-Seed-soaking: Sterilized seeds were immersed for 24 hours in distilled water, then for another 24 hours in rotenone solutions. After the treatment seeds were washed throughly with water, germinated in rolls of filter paper in large dishes with distilled water at the bottom. Roots were cut when they were 3 days old and fixed immediately in acetic alcohol (1:3). b-Root-treatment:Lateral roots of Vicia faba were treated for 4 hours with the experimental agents: saturated aqueous solution of rotenone and saturated solution of rotenone in Tween2: water mixture (1:99).The controls were

Clastogenic and Cytotoxic Effects of Four Pesticides Used to Control Insect Pests of Stored Products on Root Meristems of Allium cepa

“…In the present study, only the highest concentration of NP was toxic. Dichlorvos, the active ingredient in NP was shown to decrease the mitotic index of Vicia faba root tip meristem cells treated with it (Amer & Ali, 1986;Kontek et al, 2007).…”

“…32-250 µg ml -1 ) was shown to decrease the MI and to increase chromosomal aberrations in Vicia faba meristem cells (Amer & Ali, 1986). Dichlorvos was mutagenic in the Ames salmonella mutagenicity assay and other tests using bacteria or animal www.ccsenet.org/enrr Environment and Natural Resources Research Vol.…”

“…Gap exists in the available data on the genotoxicity of some of the pesticides used in Lesotho in the Allium cepa assay. While Dichlorvos, malathion and/or mixtures containing them have been tested in the Vicia faba meristem cells for chromosomal aberrations (Amer & Ali, 1986) and the Allium cepa assay (Asita & Makhalemele, 2009), we are not aware of genotoxicity tests of Phosphine, permethrin and smoke condensate using the Allium cepa assay system. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of some pesticides used in Lesotho to control stored-product insect pests namely, Quickphos (QP), Grain Treat (GT), Nuvan Profi (NP) and smoke condensate from burnt Eriocephalus punctulatus plant (EPSC) using the Allium cepa anaphase-telophase chromosome aberration assay.…”

Effects of Dinocap on the Mitosis of Allium cepa L.

“…Denmart also induced chromosome lagging, multinucleates and micronucleates. The insecticide rotenone induced disturbed meta-and anaphases in a high percentage, as well as chromosome stickiness, lagging chromosomes and ana-telophase bridges (Amer and Mikhael 1986). C-mitosis indicated that the chemical caused inhibition of spindle formation similar to the effect of colchicine (Badr 1988).…”

“…However, 100 mg/l concentration was toxic and only 25 and 50 mg/l at 48 h duration reduced the percentage of prophase and, 50 mg/l at the same duration increased anaphase cells significantly. While tridemorph (Cortes et al 1982) and thiram (Vera Lopez et al 1990) fungicides effected the percentage of the mitotic stages, rotenone (Amer and Mikhael 1986) and racer (Yüzbaşıoglu et al 2003) did not effected. Badr (1988) showed that dithane fungicide induced low frequencies of prophase in Allium cepa root tips.…”