Cytokinin activity increases stomatal density and transpiration rate in tomato

Farber, Mika; Attia, Ziv; Weiss, David

doi:10.1093/jxb/erw398

Cited by 88 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Furthermore, during the cell expansion phase, the TCSn:GFP output appeared to be restricted to stomata and veins, and finally to stomata only. These data are consistent with our prediction based on transcriptome profiling (Andriankaja et al ., ), and in line with previous reports, which have shown that CK together with auxin is necessary to induce vascular tissues (Aloni, ), CK depletion results in a reduction of vasculature (Werner et al ., ) and the number of stomata per leaf area can be increased by CK treatment (Farber et al ., ). Next, we generated CK excess or deficiency at the proliferation phase of leaf 3 by activating the CK biosynthetic gene ipt or the CK‐degrading gene HvCKX2 , respectively, at 9 DAS and examined possible changes in leaf morphology and underlying cellular processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis

et al. 2019

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The phytohormone cytokinin has been shown to affect many aspects of plant development ranging from the regulation of the shoot apical meristem to leaf senescence. However, some studies have reported contradictory effects of cytokinin on leaf physiology. Therefore cytokinin treatments cause both chlorosis and increased greening and both lead to decrease or increase in cell size. To elucidate this multifaceted role of cytokinin in leaf development, we have employed a system of temporal controls over the cytokinin pool and investigated the consequences of modulated cytokinin levels in the third leaf of Arabidopsis. We show that, at the cell proliferation phase, cytokinin is needed to maintain cell proliferation by blocking the transition to cell expansion and the onset of photosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling revealed regulation by cytokinin of a gene suite previously shown to affect cell proliferation and expansion and thereby a molecular mechanism by which cytokinin modulates a molecular network underlying the cellular responses. During the cell expansion phase, cytokinin stimulates cell expansion and differentiation. Consequently, a cytokinin excess at the cell expansion phase results in an increased leaf and rosette size fueled by higher cell expansion rate, yielding higher shoot biomass. Proteome profiling revealed the stimulation of primary metabolism by cytokinin, in line with an increased sugar content that is expected to increase turgor pressure, representing the driving force of cell expansion. Therefore, the developmental timing of cytokinin content fluctuations, together with a tight control of primary metabolism, is a key factor mediating transitions from cell proliferation to cell expansion in leaves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis

et al. 2019

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“…Bass and Kuiper (1989) further reported that under AMF inoculation there could be an increase in the cytokinins content in shoots and leaves to mediate other physiological processes like stomatal behaviour and other gas exchange properties of soybean crop. Cytokinin had been implicated in increasing stomatal density and transpiration that could positively affect carbon assimilatory process and increase soybean performance (Farber et al, 2016). The earlier enumerated mechanisms could have underpinned the increased seed yield ha-1 observed on the field though not experienced in the screen house.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and Yield Attributes Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) to Elevated CO2 and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation in the Humid Transitory Rainforest

2017

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Variations in yield components and grain yield of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculated soybean varieties (Glycine max L. Merrill) grown in CO 2 enriched environment in the humid rainforest were tested. A screen house trial was established with soybean varieties ('TGx 1448-2E', 'TGx 1440-1E' and 'TGx 1740-2F'), AMF inoculation (with and without) and CO 2 enrichment (350±50 ppm and 550±50 ppm) in open top chamber, arranged in completely randomised design, replicated three times. A field trial was also conducted; the treatments were arranged in a split-split plot configuration fitted into randomised complete block design. In the main plot the variant was CO 2 enrichment, the sub-plot consisted of AMF inoculation (with and without), while the sub-sub plot consisted of soybean varieties, replicated three times. Both trials had significantly higher grain yield at elevated CO 2 than ambient. This could be attributed to improved yield attributes, more spore count and root colonisation. In both trials, inoculated soybean had significantly higher dry pod weight than un-inoculated, which could suggest the increased grain yield observed on the field. AMF inoculated soybean varieties outperformed uninoculated in both CO 2 enriched and ambient concentrations. AMF inoculated soybean variety 'TGx 1740-2F' is most preferable in CO 2 enriched environment, while variety 'TGx 1448-2E' had the most stable grain yield in all growth environments.

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“…The effect of stomatal density and size on drought tolerance has been widely studied for many species (Masle et al, 2005;Wentworth et al, 2006;Lawson and Blatt, 2014). Recent studies have shown a link between low stomatal density and improved performance under waterdeficit conditions (Farber et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2017). In addition, evidence exists that plants adjust their stomatal density under water-stress conditions (Galm es et al, 2007b;Hamanishi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ratio of trichomes to stomata is associated with water use efficiency in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)

et al. 2018

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Trichomes are specialised structures that originate from the aerial epidermis of plants, and play key roles in the interaction between the plant and the environment. In this study we investigated the trichome phenotypes of four lines selected from the Solanum lycopersicum × Solanum pennellii introgression line (IL) population for differences in trichome density, and their impact on plant performance under water-deficit conditions. We performed comparative analyses at morphological and photosynthetic levels of plants grown under well-watered (WW) and also under water-deficit (WD) conditions in the field. Under WD conditions, we observed higher trichome density in ILs 11-3 and 4-1, and lower stomatal size in IL 4-1 compared with plants grown under WW conditions. The intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE ) was higher under WD conditions in IL 11-3, and the plant-level water use efficiency (WUE ) was also higher in IL 11-3 and in M82 for WD plants. The ratio of trichomes to stomata (T/S) was positively correlated with WUE and WUE , indicating an important role for both trichomes and stomata in drought tolerance in tomato, and offering a promising way to select for improved water use efficiency of major crops.

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Cytokinin activity increases stomatal density and transpiration rate in tomato

Abstract: HighlightManipulation of cytokinin levels in tomato plants affected transpiration rate. While the hormone had no effect on stomatal movement, it increased stomatal density by promoting epidermal cell division.

Cited by 88 publications

References 87 publications

Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis

Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis

Yield and Yield Attributes Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) to Elevated CO2 and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation in the Humid Transitory Rainforest

The ratio of trichomes to stomata is associated with water use efficiency in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)

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