Cytokines and atherosclerosis – new research directions

Abstract

This review generalizes the current evidence on the content of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients’ blood serum with atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary, carotid and iliac arteries. The results gave the ability to assess cytokine immune cells of atherosclerotic plaques. Also the results of national and international research allowed the assessment of the prognostic value of cytokine content.

Pathophysiological aspects of the development of cerebral atherosclerosis

“…При ожирении вследствие усиленной продукции адипоцитами и резидентными макрофагами провоспалительных маркёров (цитокинов), таких как СРБ, ИЛ-1, ИЛ-6, ИЛ-8, ФНО-α и других, на фоне подавления продукции противовоспалительных цитокинов, в первую очередь адипонектина и антагониста рецептора ИЛ-1, развивается хроническое асептическое воспаление, в свою очередь усугубляющее нарушение липидного обмена [15,50]. Получено большое количество доказательств, свидетельствующих о том, что воспаление в интиме стенки является основным участником всех этапов атерогенеза [17,51].…”

Aspects Of Immunopathology in Emergence and Development of Atherosclerosis: Review

“…Summarizing this part of the message, we can say that discussions about the etiopathogenic aspects of the development of atherosclerosis have been going on for more than 100 years. Today, in addition to those mentioned above, theories such as lipid theory exist and coexist, in the new version it is presented as a pathology of essential polyene fatty acids [14], endothelial damage [18], inflammatory [19], oxidative stress [16], infectious [20], monoclonal, metabolic [21], hormonal, viral, chlamydia [13], genetic [17,22], cytokine [20,23,24]. Such a wide variety of theories is due to the fact that none of them fully responds to the emerging contradictions: the standard morphology of the atherosclerotic process, regardless of the type of dyslipidemia, the focality of the event, the appearance of atherosclerosis with normal indicators of lipid metabolism, the subendothelial location of atherosclerotic plaques and others.…”