Cytokine responses to quantiferon peptides in pediatric tuberculosis: A pilot study

Mycobacteria-Specific Cytokine Responses Detect Tuberculosis Infection and Distinguish Latent from Active Tuberculosis

“…[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] In agreement with our findings, those studies showed that MTBspecific IP-10 responses in TB-infected individuals are of greater magnitude than IFN-γ responses, and that this biomarker lacks the ability to distinguish between LTBI and active TB. [24][25][26][27][28] This is not surprising as IP-10 production in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes is primarily induced by IFN-γ that also lacks this discriminatory ability (as reflected by IGRA lacking this ability). 31 MTB-specific IP-10 responses likely represent an amplified read-out of IFN-γ responses, meaning they differ quantitatively, but not qualitatively.…”

Novel T-Cell Assays for the Discrimination of Active and Latent Tuberculosis Infection: The Diagnostic Value of PPE Family

“…Immunity to M. tuberculosis involves complex interactions between a variety of cells expressing different effector and regulatory molecules. Among those IFNc and IL-2 T helper-1 (Th1) cytokines are of key importance for effective control of M. tuberculosis [25]. Several studies have demonstrated that IL-2 release, after stimulation by TBspecific antigens, was significantly higher in infected patients with TB than healthy controls [26][27][28][29][30], and suggested that IL-2 could be a potential biomarker for diagnosing LTBI infection [31,32].…”

Regulation network of serum cytokines induced by tuberculosis-specific antigens reveals biomarkers for tuberculosis diagnosis

“…As such, the following methods are currently being used to search fornew TB biomarkers: cytokine array analyses of the sera from patients with active or latent TB infections compared to those from healthy individuals (Weiner et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2013); microarray analyses of the supernatants of centrifuged peripheral blood after stimulation with TB-specific antigens from patients with active or latent TB infections compared to that from healthy individuals (Frahm et al, 2011;Kellar et al, 2011;Murthy et al, 2011;Borgstrom et al, 2012;Skogstrand et al, 2012;Anbarasu et al, 2013;Armand et al, 2014;Essone et al, 2014); and extraction and culture of leukocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with active or latent TB infection and healthy individuals, followed by analysis of the differences insecreted cytokines before and after stimulation with TB-specific antigens (Rivera-Ordaz et al, 2012). However, consistent results have not been obtained using the aforementioned methods because the number of cytokines analyzed is often small and the types of assays usedto detect them vary between studies; thus, a more systematic approach for analyzing all cytokines is needed.…”