Cytokine Profiles in Long-Term Smokers of Opium (Taryak)

Ghazavi, Ali; Solhi, Hassan; Moazzeni, Seyed Mohammad; Rafiei, Mohammad; Mosayebi, Ghasem

doi:10.1097/adm.0b013e31828baede

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therefore, imbalance in the T-helper-cell (TH) subsets (TH1/TH2/TH17) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) is suggested to contribute in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. CD4 + T cells are divided into different subtypes based on their cytokine production, including Th1 cells (producing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α), Th2 cells (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13), Th17 cells (IL-17, IL-22), and Treg (TGF-β, IL-10) among others [9] . Because the respiratory system is integrated with circulatory system [10] , [11] , the study measured the serum levels of TH1 (IFN-γ), TH2 (IL-5, IL-9), TH17 (IL-17) and Treg (TGF-β) cytokines in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine profile and disease severity in patients with COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine profile and disease severity in patients with COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…When treating neuropsychiatric disorders, being able to identify and quantify peripheral biomarkers for diagnosis or monitoring treatment response still remains a clinical goal. Some studies have suggested that changes in proinflammatory cytokines and BDNF may be related to the pathophysiology of opioid dependence 6 34 35 . In the current study, we found that add-on memantine was no more effective than was placebo for modulating IL-6, IL-8, CRP, and BDNF levels in opioid-dependent patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dose memantine attenuated methadone dose in opioid-dependent patients: a 12-week double-blind randomized controlled trial

Lee

Chen

Chang

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Low-dose memantine might have anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects mechanistically remote from an NMDA receptor. We investigated whether add-on memantine reduced cytokine levels and benefitted patients with opioid dependence undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in a randomized, double-blind, controlled 12-week study. Patients were randomly assigned to a group: Memantine (5 mg/day) (n = 53) or Placebo (n = 75). The methadone dose required and retention in treatment were monitored. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were examined during weeks 0, 1, 4, 8, and 12. General linear mixed models were used to examine therapeutic effect. After 12 weeks, Memantine-group required a somewhat lower methadone dose than did Placebo-group (P = 0.039). They also had significantly lower plasma TNF-α and significantly higher TGF-β1 levels. We provide evidence of the benefit of add-on memantine in opioid dependent patients undergoing MMT.

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“…When treating neuropsychiatric disorders, being able to identify and quantify peripheral biomarkers for a diagnosis or for monitoring treatment responses remains a clinical goal. Some studies ( Angelucci et al, 2007 ; Ghazavi et al, 2013a , 2013b ) have suggested that changes in proinflammatory cytokines and BDNF may be related to the pathophysiology of opioid dependence. In the present study, we found that add-on dextromethorphan was no more effective than was placebo for modulating IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, CRP, and BDNF levels in opioid-dependent patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Dextromethorphan as an Adjunct in Opioid-Dependent Patients Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment

Lee

Chang

Chu

et al. 2015

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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Background:Low-dose dextromethorphan (DM) might have anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects mechanistically remote from an NMDA receptor. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled 12 week study, we investigated whether add-on dextromethorphan reduced cytokine levels and benefitted opioid-dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).Methods:Patients were randomly assigned to a group: DM60 (60mg/day dextromethorphan; n = 65), DM120 (120mg/day dextromethorphan; n = 65), or placebo (n = 66). Primary outcomes were the methadone dose required, plasma morphine level, and retention in treatment. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, transforming growth factor–β1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were examined during weeks 0, 1, 4, 8, and 12. Multiple linear regressions with generalized estimating equation methods were used to examine the therapeutic effect.Results:After 12 weeks, the DM60 group had significantly longer treatment retention and lower plasma morphine levels than did the placebo group. Plasma TNF-α was significantly decreased in the DM60 group compared to the placebo group. However, changes in plasma cytokine levels, BDNF levels, and the methadone dose required in the three groups were not significantly different.Conclusions:We provide evidence—decreased concomitant heroin use—of low-dose add-on DM’s efficacy for treating opioid-dependent patients undergoing MMT.

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Cytokine Profiles in Long-Term Smokers of Opium (Taryak)

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Cytokine profile and disease severity in patients with COVID-19

Cytokine profile and disease severity in patients with COVID-19

Low-dose memantine attenuated methadone dose in opioid-dependent patients: a 12-week double-blind randomized controlled trial

A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Dextromethorphan as an Adjunct in Opioid-Dependent Patients Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment

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